CHEBI:17203

Three steps

• phytanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. phytanate-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 15 routes

• prostaglandin E1Reach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E1 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLCO2A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin I2Reach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin I2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLCO2A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin F2alphaReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin F2alpha (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLCO2A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, MOCOS, PTGS1, PTGS2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• prostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin D2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLCO2A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 = (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, MOCOS, TBXAS1, PTGS2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 7,8-dihydrofolateReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, MOCOS, MTO1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. 5-Formiminotetrahydrofolate:L-glutamate N-formiminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SHMT1, FTCDextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• leukotriene A4Reach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of GSH and leukotriene A4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLCO2A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (R)-S-lactoylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GLO1, GLOD4extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• carnosineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. beta-alanine + L-histidine + ATP = carnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A10, CARNS1extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-oxoadipateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. L-2-aminoadipate + glyoxylate = 2-oxoadipate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, AADATextracellular space, cytosol

• 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. transport of proline and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)
  3. thyroid peroxidase (3-iodo-L-tyrosine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, TPOextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)
  3. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GFPT2, GFPT1, GNPNAT1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• O-acetyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Proline by the Apical Imino Amino Acid Transporters
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by CLTRN, SLC6A20, SLC6A14, CPT1A and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• beta-D-fructose 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)
  3. alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GFPT2, GFPT1, GNPDA1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• dihydroxyacetone phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-proline:(acceptor) oxidoreductase
  2. L-proline + a quinone = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+)
  3. a quinone + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + a quinol

  Catalysed by PRODH2, PRODH, GPD2cytosol

• S-formylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• succinate semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Proline by the Apical Imino Amino Acid Transporters
  2. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 4-aminobutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = succinate semialdehyde + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by CLTRN, SLC6A20, SLC6A12, ABATextracellular space, cytosol

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SAT1, SAT2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• hypotaurineReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase
  3. 3-sulfino-L-alanine + H(+) = hypotaurine + CO2

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CDO1, GADL1, CSADextracellular space, cytosol

• N-sulfo-D-glucosamineReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Proline by the Apical Imino Amino Acid Transporters
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-sulfo-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + sulfate

  Catalysed by CLTRN, SLC6A20, SLC26A6, SGSHextracellular space, cytosol

• dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Proline by the Apical Imino Amino Acid Transporters
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CLTRN, SLC6A20, SLC26A6, STSextracellular space, cytosol

• dimethylamineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. Nomega,Nomega'-dimethyl-L-arginine dimethylamidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, DDAH1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• IMPReach from here →
  1. Aspartate Intake by System Asct-1 Transporter
  2. IMP:L-aspartate ligase (GDP-forming)
  3. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1extracellular space, cytosol

• L-cysteateReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Proline by the Apical Imino Amino Acid Transporters
  2. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  3. L-cysteate + H(+) = taurine + CO2

  Catalysed by CLTRN, SLC6A20, SLC6A6, GADL1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• porphobilinogenReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)
  3. 5-aminolevulinate hydro-lyase (adding 5-aminolevulinate and cyclizing

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, ALAS1, ALAS2 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, NAGSextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. transport of proline and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)
  3. phosphoethanolamine + H2O = acetaldehyde + NH4(+) + phosphate

  Catalysed by ETNPPLextracellular space, cytosol

• adenosine 5'-phosphosulfateReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Proline by the Apical Imino Amino Acid Transporters
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. ATP:sulfate adenylyltransferase

  Catalysed by CLTRN, SLC6A20, SLC26A6, PAPSS1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N,N-dimethylglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of methionine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)
  3. L-homocysteine + glycine betaine = N,N-dimethylglycine + L-methionine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, BHMT2, BHMTextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• N-acetylputrescineReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter
  3. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A7, SAT1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 4-aminobutanalReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter
  3. putrescine + O2 + H2O = 4-aminobutanal + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A7, AOC1extracellular space, cytosol

• L-glutamyl 5-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of ornithine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-ornithine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate
  3. L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + phosphate + NADP(+) = L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + NADPH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, OAT, ALDH18A1extracellular space, cytosol

• glutathione disulfideReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  3. cystine to cysteine conversion

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A9, SLC3A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 36 routes

• taurolithocholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of GSH and sulfotaurolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of lysine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N6-(L-1,3-Dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)
  3. L-saccharopine + NAD(+) + H2O = (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate + L-glutamate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AASSextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• N(1)-acetylspermidineReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter
  3. N(1)-acetylspermidine + O2 + H2O = 3-acetamidopropanal + putrescine + H2O2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A7, PAOXextracellular space, cytosol

• an acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 3 routes

• 3-aminopropanalReach from here →
  1. transport of lysine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. deoxyhypusine synthase (1,3-diaminopropane)
  3. primary-amine oxidase (1,3-diaminopropane)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, DHPS, AOC2, AOC1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 5-oxo-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, GSS, CHAC2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• L-2-aminopentanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, KYNU, AADATextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-thyroxineReach from here →
  1. transport of proline and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)
  3. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine,iodide:acceptor oxidoreductase (iodinating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, TPO, DIO1, DIO2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• kynurenateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. Kynurenine-Oxoglutarate Transaminase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, KYNU, KYAT3, AADATextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 20 routes

• L-2-aminohexanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. 2-oxohexanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminohexanoate + kynurenate + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, KYNU, AADATextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamideReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SHMT1, ATICextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes