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2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate

362,296 routes · scope human · up to 3 steps · built 5 October 2026 · Reactions · API

Inferred

Every route here is a hypothesis drawn from reference reactions (Rhea and Human-GEM), not a finding. Currency species such as water, ATP and NAD(H) never form a step. Evidence key

16 compounds within 3 steps: 2 in 1, 7 in 2, 7 in 3

Does it reach a compound?

One step

3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoateReach from here →
1. 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate + NAD(+) = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NADH + H(+)
Catalysed by HIBADH
propanoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NAD(+) + CoA + H2O = propanoyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate + NADH + H(+)
Catalysed by ALDH6A1

Two steps

propanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
1. 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NAD(+) + CoA + H2O = propanoyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate + NADH + H(+)
2. propanoyl-CoA + H2O = propanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)
Catalysed by ALDH6A1, NUDT19, NUDT7, NUDT8
propanoateReach from here →
1. 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NAD(+) + CoA + H2O = propanoyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate + NADH + H(+)
2. propanoyl-CoA + H2O = propanoate + CoA + H(+)
Catalysed by ALDH6A1, ACOT8, ACAA2, ACOT9

Three steps

CHEBI:1146900Reach from here →
Catalysed by ALDH6A1, PCCA, PCCBmitochondrial matrix
propionyl-CoAReach from here →
Catalysed by

O-propanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →

2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NAD(+) + CoA + H2O = propanoyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate + NADH + H(+)
propanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-propanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

Catalysed by ALDH6A1, CRAT

(S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →

2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NAD(+) + CoA + H2O = propanoyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate + NADH + H(+)
propanoyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate + ATP = (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

Catalysed by ALDH6A1, PCCA, PCCB

2-methyl-3-oxobutanoyl-CoAReach from here →

2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NAD(+) + CoA + H2O = propanoyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate + NADH + H(+)
propanoyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = 2-methyl-3-oxobutanoyl-CoA + CoA

Catalysed by ALDH6A1, ACAT1

acryloyl-CoAReach from here →

2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NAD(+) + CoA + H2O = propanoyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate + NADH + H(+)
propanoyl-CoA + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + H(+) = acryloyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein]

Catalysed by ALDH6A1, ACAD8

3-methylmalateReach from here →

2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NAD(+) + CoA + H2O = propanoyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate + NADH + H(+)
propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by ALDH6A1, CLYBL

cytosol

One of 4 routes

(R)-carnitineReach from here →

2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NAD(+) + CoA + H2O = propanoyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate + NADH + H(+)
propanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-propanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
O-propanoyl-(R)-carnitine(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = O-propanoyl-(R)-carnitine(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)

Catalysed by ALDH6A1, CRAT, SLC25A20inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

glyoxylateReach from here →

2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NAD(+) + CoA + H2O = propanoyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate + NADH + H(+)
propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by ALDH6A1, CLYBL

(R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →

2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NAD(+) + CoA + H2O = propanoyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate + NADH + H(+)
propanoyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate + ATP = (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase

Catalysed by ALDH6A1, PCCA, PCCB, MCEEmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfateReach from here →

2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NAD(+) + CoA + H2O = propanoyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate + NADH + H(+)
propanoyl-CoA + H2O = propanoate + CoA + H(+)
propanoate(out) + dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) = propanoate(in) + dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out)

Catalysed by ALDH6A1, ACOT8, ACAA2, ACOT9 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

estrone 3-sulfateReach from here →

2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NAD(+) + CoA + H2O = propanoyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate + NADH + H(+)
propanoyl-CoA + H2O = propanoate + CoA + H(+)
propanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out) = propanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in)

Catalysed by ALDH6A1, ACOT8, ACAA2, ACOT9 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes