Compound
spermidine
A polyamine formed from putrescine. It is found in almost all tissues in association with nucleic acids. It is found as a cation at all pH values, and is thought to help stabilize some membranes and nucleic acid structures. It is a precursor of spermine.
Structure
Loading the model…
- Class
- Organic compound, cation
- Formula
- C7H22N3
- Mass
- 148.274 g/mol
- Charge
- +3
- InChIKey
- ATHGHQPFGPMSJY-UHFFFAOYSA-Q
- SMILES
- [NH3+]CCCC[NH2+]CCC[NH3+]
- Look it up
- ChEBIPubChemBy InChIKey
Identity from ChEBI, geometry from PubChem. Not evidence.
What it touches on the way
Mechanistic reach
18 entities
18 entities reached.
0 reported hops18 assembled from the scaffold
- SAT1ProteinUNIPROT:P21673substrate ofInferred only161 paths54 endpoints
- KAT2BProteinUNIPROT:Q92831substrate ofInferred only96 paths93 endpoints
- AOC1ProteinUNIPROT:P19801substrate ofInferred only72 paths12 endpoints
- ATP13A2ProteinUNIPROT:Q9NQ11transported byInferred only70 paths69 endpoints
- AOC3ProteinUNIPROT:Q16853substrate ofInferred only30 paths5 endpoints
- DHPSProteinUNIPROT:P49366substrate ofInferred only30 paths10 endpoints
- HDAC10ProteinUNIPROT:Q969S8substrate ofInferred only25 paths25 endpoints
- SRMProteinUNIPROT:P19623substrate ofInferred only22 paths11 endpoints
- AOC2ProteinUNIPROT:O75106substrate ofInferred only18 paths3 endpoints
- SMSProteinUNIPROT:P52788substrate ofInferred only18 paths9 endpoints
- PAOXProteinUNIPROT:Q6QHF9substrate ofInferred only10 paths10 endpoints
- SLC22A1ProteinUNIPROT:O15245transported byInferred only6 paths3 endpoints
Show the remaining 6
- ATP13A4ProteinUNIPROT:Q4VNC1transported byInferred only5 paths5 endpoints
- SLC22A2ProteinUNIPROT:O15244transported byInferred only5 paths5 endpoints
- SLC22A3ProteinUNIPROT:O75751transported byInferred only4 paths4 endpoints
- SAT2ProteinUNIPROT:Q96F10substrate ofInferred only2 paths1 endpoint
- SLC45A4ProteinUNIPROT:Q5BKX6transported byInferred only1 path1 endpoint
- SLC18B1ProteinUNIPROT:Q6NT16transported byInferred only1 path1 endpoint
What the reference databases state
Statements
51 statements
51 statements · 2 reference databases · Subject: spermidine · Sources: Human-GEM, Rhea
- N-(4-aminobutyl)-3-aminopropanal is converted to spermidineCompoundRhea RHEA:59604Inferred only
- spermidine is converted to N-(4-aminobutyl)-3-aminopropanalCompoundHuman-GEM MAR06943Inferred only
- spermidine is converted to N-(4-aminobutyl)-3-aminopropanalCompoundHuman-GEM MAR06942Inferred only
- spermidine is converted to N-(4-aminobutyl)-3-aminopropanalCompoundHuman-GEM MAR06941Inferred only
- spermidine is converted to N-(4-aminobutyl)-3-aminopropanalCompoundRhea RHEA:59604Inferred only
- spermidine is converted to N(1)-acetylspermidineCompoundRhea RHEA:28150Inferred only
- spermidine is converted to N(8)-acetylspermidineCompoundRhea RHEA:28270Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of AOC1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06945Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of AOC1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06946Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of AOC1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06943Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of AOC1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06942Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of AOC1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06941Inferred only
Show the remaining 39
- spermidine is a substrate of AOC1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06944Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of AOC2ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06944Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of AOC2ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06945Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of AOC2ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06943Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of AOC2ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06941Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of AOC2ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06946Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of AOC2ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06942Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of AOC3ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06945Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of AOC3ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06941Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of AOC3ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06942Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of AOC3ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06943Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of AOC3ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06944Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of AOC3ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06946Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of DHPSProteinHuman-GEM MAR06965Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of DHPSProteinHuman-GEM MAR06967Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of DHPSProteinRhea RHEA:33299Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of HDAC10ProteinRhea RHEA:23928Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of KAT2BProteinRhea RHEA:28270Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of PAOXProteinRhea RHEA:25800Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of SAT1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06939Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of SAT1ProteinRhea RHEA:28150Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of SAT1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06938Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of SAT2ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06939Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of SAT2ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06938Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of SMOXProteinRhea RHEA:25804Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of SMSProteinRhea RHEA:19973Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of SMSProteinHuman-GEM MAR04077Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of SRMProteinHuman-GEM MAR04077Inferred only
- spermidine is a substrate of SRMProteinRhea RHEA:12721Inferred only
- spermidine is transported by ATP13A2ProteinRhea RHEA:29999Inferred only
- spermidine is transported by ATP13A4ProteinRhea RHEA:29999Inferred only
- spermidine is transported by PANX1ProteinRhea RHEA:35039Inferred only
- spermidine is transported by SLC18B1ProteinRhea RHEA:74267Inferred only
- spermidine is transported by SLC22A1ProteinRhea RHEA:35039Inferred only
- spermidine is transported by SLC22A1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR04994Inferred only
- spermidine is transported by SLC22A16ProteinRhea RHEA:35039Inferred only
- spermidine is transported by SLC22A2ProteinRhea RHEA:35039Inferred only
- spermidine is transported by SLC22A3ProteinRhea RHEA:35039Inferred only
- spermidine is transported by SLC45A4ProteinRhea RHEA:35039Inferred only
Reactions
56 reactions
putrescine+S-adenosylmethioninamineS-methyl-5'-thioadenosine+proton+spermidine
Catalysed by SRM
Reaction pageLeft to rightBalancedEC 2.5.1.16cytosol
Human-GEM MAR04075CC BY 4.0Reference data
S-adenosylmethioninamine+spermidineS-methyl-5'-thioadenosine+proton+CHEBI:15746
Reaction pageLeft to rightBalancedEC 2.5.1.16, 2.5.1.22cytosol
Human-GEM MAR04077CC BY 4.0Reference data
water+dioxygen+CHEBI:157463-aminopropanal+hydrogen peroxide+spermidine
Catalysed by SMOX
Reaction pageLeft to rightBalancedEC 1.5.3.17cytosol
Human-GEM MAR04078CC BY 4.0Reference data
Transported by SLC22A1
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedcytosol, extracellular space
Human-GEM MAR04994CC BY 4.0Reference data
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedcytosol, peroxisome
Human-GEM MAR06937CC BY 4.0Reference data
CHEBI:1146900+proton+CHEBI:17927CHEBI:15351+spermidine
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedEC 2.3.1.57cytosol
Human-GEM MAR06938CC BY 4.0Reference data
CHEBI:1146900+proton+CHEBI:17927CHEBI:15351+spermidine
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedEC 2.3.1.57peroxisome
Human-GEM MAR06939CC BY 4.0Reference data
CHEBI:1146900+proton+N(8)-acetylspermidineCHEBI:15351+spermidine
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedcytosol
Human-GEM MAR06940CC BY 4.0Reference data
water+dioxygen+spermidineproton+hydrogen peroxide+ammonium+N-(4-aminobutyl)-3-aminopropanal
Catalysed by AOC1 or AOC3 or AOC2
Reaction pageLeft to rightBalancedEC 1.4.3.21, 1.4.3.22cytosol
Human-GEM MAR06941CC BY 4.0Reference data
water+dioxygen+spermidineproton+hydrogen peroxide+ammonium+N-(4-aminobutyl)-3-aminopropanal
Catalysed by AOC1 or AOC3 or AOC2
Reaction pageLeft to rightBalancedEC 1.4.3.21, 1.4.3.22extracellular space
Human-GEM MAR06942CC BY 4.0Reference data
FAD+water+spermidineFADH2+proton+ammonium+N-(4-aminobutyl)-3-aminopropanal
Catalysed by AOC1 or AOC3 or AOC2
Reaction pageLeft to rightBalancedEC 1.4.3.21, 1.4.3.22peroxisome
Human-GEM MAR06943CC BY 4.0Reference data
water+dioxygen+spermidineproton+hydrogen peroxide+ammonium+MAM02922c
Catalysed by AOC1 or AOC3 or AOC2
Reaction pageLeft to rightBalancedEC 1.4.3.21, 1.4.3.22cytosol
Human-GEM MAR06944CC BY 4.0Reference data
On the label
Labelled products
3 products
Source: NIH DSLD · Ingredient: spermidine · 3 products · Declared amount per serving: 5–10 mg (3 products)
3 labels state an amount0 do not
- Blueprint Bryan JohnsonEssential CapsulesSpermidine Trihydrochloride10 mgper 2 Veggie Capsule(s)DSLD:328204
- Double Wood SupplementsSpermidine 10 mgSpermidine Trihydrochloride10 mgper 2 Capsule(s)DSLD:286157
- Dr. Emil NutritionSpermidine 5 mgSpermidine Trihydrochloride5 mgper 2 Capsule(s)DSLD:321811
Label record: NIH Office of Dietary Supplements · CC0
Where it reaches
10 systems, 21 regions, 60 tissues, 63 transporter routes — routes, not measurements: transporters known to carry spermidine are expressed there, and no source reports it arriving.
Loading the model…
Other names
2 names
Resolves to: spermidine
- Also called
- N-(3-ammoniopropyl)butane-1,4-diaminium
- Systematic name
- (4-azaniumylbutyl)(3-azaniumylpropyl)azanium