L-asparagine

Two steps

• (7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase ((7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by NAGS, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:15345Reach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)
  2. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by NAGS, AACSmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• cholineReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Asparagine by Atb0 Transporter
  2. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC5A7extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• pyruvateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and asparagine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 16 routes

• 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-tryptophan,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase(5-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15380Reach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)
  2. 5-aminolevulinate synthase (2-amino-3-oxoadipate)

  Catalysed by NAGS, ALAS1, CPNE7mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• CHEBI:15477Reach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by NAGS, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 2-methylcrotonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)
  2. Production of Tiglylcarnitine

  Catalysed by NAGS, CPT1A, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• isobutyryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)
  2. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxo-4-methyl-pentanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by NAGS, HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBmitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)
  2. glycine-N-acyltransferase (3-methylcrotonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by NAGS, GLYATmitochondrial matrix

• isovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (isovalerylglycine)

  Catalysed by NAGS, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• arachidonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)
  2. Arachidonate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• CHEBI:15519Reach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)
  2. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAGS, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5Bmitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• palmitoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• oleoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)
  2. Transport of octadecenoyl-CoA into Mitochondrial Matrix

  Catalysed by NAGS, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• phenylacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)
  2. Phenylacetate:CoA ligase

  Catalysed by NAGSmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• propionyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)
  2. Propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by NAGS, ACSS3, ACSS2, ACSS1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 43 routes

• CHEBI:15570Reach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:15611Reach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by GNMTextracellular space, cytosol

• (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15650Reach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)
  2. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion

  Catalysed by NAGS, ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2 and 29 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• trimethylenediamineReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. deoxyhypusine synthase (1,3-diaminopropane)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, DHPSextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:15727Reach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, CARNS1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15746Reach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)

  Catalysed by NAGS, SAT1, SAT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15765Reach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, THextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartic acidReach from here →
  1. L-asparagine amidohydrolase
  2. carbamoyl-phosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASRGL1, ASPG, CADmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GFPT2, GFPT1extracellular space, cytosol

• thioredoxin dithiolReach from here →
  1. L-Asparagine:tRNA(Asn) ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation

  Catalysed by NARS1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-asparagine amidohydrolase
  2. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by ASRGL1, ASPG, SLC25A14, SLC25A30mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• ureaReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and asparagine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Arginine amidinohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, ARG1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-cystineReach from here →
  1. L-asparagine amidohydrolase
  2. L-cystine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-aspartate(out)

  Catalysed by ASRGL1, ASPG, SLC7A13mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 9 routes

• 11-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAGS, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (R)-3-aminoisobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and asparagine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• iodideReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, TPOextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. L-asparagine amidohydrolase
  2. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by ASRGL1, ASPG, GOT2mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• nitric oxideReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and asparagine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, NOS3, NOS1, NOS2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:16523Reach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, ACY1extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-phenylacetamideReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-phenylalanine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, EPXextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:16633Reach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and asparagine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SCLYextracellular space, cytosol

• Met-tRNA(Met)Reach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, MARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AADATextracellular space, cytosol

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CNDP2extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-threonine ammonia-lyase (2-oxobutanoate-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SDS, SDSLextracellular space, cytosol

• tryptamineReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, DDCextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxoglutaramateReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, KYAT1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:16856Reach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by GSSextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glyoxylic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by DAOextracellular space, cytosol, peroxisome

• N-acetyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. L-asparagine amidohydrolase
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASRGL1, ASPG, NAT8Lmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes