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CHEBI:15570

362,296 routes · scope human · up to 3 steps · built 5 October 2026 · Reactions · API

Inferred

Every route here is a hypothesis drawn from reference reactions (Rhea and Human-GEM), not a finding. Currency species such as water, ATP and NAD(H) never form a step. Evidence key

603 compounds within 3 steps: 5 in 1, 139 in 2, 459 in 3

Does it reach a compound?

One step

pyruvateReach from here →
1. D-alanine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
Catalysed by DAOperoxisome
D-alanyl-D-alanineReach from here →
1. Formation of Alanylalanine
No catalyst recordedcytosol
L-glutamineReach from here →
1. transport of D-alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes
glycineReach from here →
1. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes
L-alanineReach from here →
1. alanine racemase
No catalyst recordedcytosol

Two steps

CHEBI:1146900Reach from here →
1. alanine racemase
2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
No catalyst recordedcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 30 routes
2-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →
1. D-alanine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
2. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
Catalysed by DAO, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreperoxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes
N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine

Page 1 of 13

Reach from here →

alanine racemase
N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

Catalysed by AGXT2cytosolOne of 2 routes

glycoursodeoxycholateReach from here →

transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
glycine to glycoursodeoxycholate conversion

Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycineReach from here →

transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
(9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GLYATL3, GLYATL2extracellular space, cytosol

N-octadecanoylglycineReach from here →

transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
octadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GLYATL2extracellular space, cytosol

N-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-glycineReach from here →

transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
(9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GLYATL2extracellular space, cytosol

acetoacetateReach from here →

D-alanine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)

Catalysed by DAOperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

N-hexadecanoylglycineReach from here →

transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GLYATL3extracellular space, cytosol

N-dodecanoylglycineReach from here →

transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
dodecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-dodecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GLYATL2extracellular space, cytosol

N-decanoylglycineReach from here →

transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
decanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-decanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GLYATL2extracellular space, cytosol

N-octanoylglycineReach from here →

transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
octanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GLYATL2extracellular space, cytosol

N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →

transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + glycine + ATP = N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GARTextracellular space, cytosol

L-cystine-bis-glycineReach from here →

transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine

Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, DPEP1, DPEP2extracellular space, cytosol

glycyldehydrophenylalanineReach from here →

transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine

Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, DPEP1extracellular space, cytosol

2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →

transport of D-alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + L-glutamine + ATP + H2O = 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + L-glutamate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, PFASextracellular space, cytosol

an N-(fatty acyl)-glycineReach from here →

transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GLYATL2extracellular space, cytosol

N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycineReach from here →

transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GLYATL2extracellular space, cytosol

acetylpyruvateReach from here →

D-alanine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
acetylpyruvate + H2O = acetate + pyruvate + H(+)

Catalysed by DAO, FAHD1peroxisome

all-trans-retinoic acidReach from here →

D-alanine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by DAO, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreperoxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

(S)-malateReach from here →

D-alanine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
(S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH

Catalysed by DAO, ME2peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

L-leucineReach from here →

alanine racemase
transport of alanine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 13 routes

CHEBI:15611Reach from here →

transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase

Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GNMTextracellular space, cytosol

CHEBI:15699Reach from here →

alanine racemase
transport of alanine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 10 routes

alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →

transport of D-alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)

Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GFPT2, GFPT1extracellular space, cytosol

CHEBI:15971Reach from here →

alanine racemase
transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

2-methyl-3-oxopropanoic acidReach from here →

D-alanine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
(R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

Catalysed by DAO, AGXT2peroxisome, mitochondrial matrix

L-cystineReach from here →

alanine racemase
Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter

Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1cytosol, extracellular space

(R)-3-aminoisobutyric acidReach from here →

alanine racemase
(R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

Catalysed by AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

L-citrullineReach from here →

alanine racemase
transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

L-valineReach from here →

alanine racemase
transport of alanine and valine (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 15 routes

oxaloacetateReach from here →

D-alanine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
Pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)

Catalysed by DAO, PCperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

L-arginineReach from here →

alanine racemase
transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 10 routes

CHEBI:16523Reach from here →

transport of D-alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

protein polypeptide chainReach from here →

alanine racemase
PROTEIN_BS

No catalyst recordedcytosolOne of 3 routes

CHEBI:16633Reach from here →

alanine racemase
L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

Catalysed by SCLYcytosol

(S)-lactateReach from here →

D-alanine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
(S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)

Catalysed by DAO, LDHA, LDHB, LDHC and 2 moreperoxisome

2-oxobutanoateReach from here →

D-alanine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate

Catalysed by DAO, AGXT2peroxisome

2-oxoglutaramateReach from here →

transport of D-alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase

Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, KYAT1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

3-fumarylpyruvateReach from here →

D-alanine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
3-fumarylpyruvate + H2O = fumarate + pyruvate + H(+)

Catalysed by DAO, FAHD1peroxisome

CHEBI:16856Reach from here →

transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GSSextracellular space, cytosol

CHEBI:16857Reach from here →

alanine racemase
transport of alanine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

glyoxylic acidReach from here →

transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, DAOextracellular space, cytosol, peroxisome

(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →

D-alanine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
transport of (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by DAO, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreperoxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

3-hydroxypyruvateReach from here →

D-alanine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
L-serine + pyruvate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine

Catalysed by DAO, AGXTperoxisome