L-cystine

362,296 routes · scope human · up to 3 steps · built 5 October 2026 · Reactions · API

619 compounds within 3 steps: 9 in 1, 129 in 2, 481 in 3

One step

L-cystine-bis-glycineReach from here →
1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2
pyruvateReach from here →
1. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating
Catalysed by CTHcytosol
L-leucineReach from here →
1. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Leucine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1extracellular space, cytosol
L-arginineReach from here →
1. L-cystine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-arginine(out)
Catalysed by SLC7A9inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane
L-cysteineReach from here →
1. thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) (cystine)
Catalysed by TXNRD1, TXNRD3, TXNRD2cytosolOne of 3 routes
3-disulfanyl-L-alanineReach from here →
1. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating
Catalysed by CTHcytosol
L-aspartateReach from here →
1. L-cystine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
Catalysed by SLC7A13inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes
L-alanineReach from here →
1. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1extracellular space, cytosol
glutathione disulfideReach from here →
1. cystine to cysteine conversion
No catalyst recordedcytosol

Two steps

CHEBI:1146900Reach from here →
1. thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) (cystine)
2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
Catalysed by TXNRD1, TXNRD3, TXNRD2, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes
2-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →
1. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating
2. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
Catalysed by CTH, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 more

cytosol, extracellular space

One of 2 routes

N(omega)-methyl-L-arginineReach from here →

Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, AGXT2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

AReach from here →

Catalysed by TXNRD1, TXNRD3, TXNRD2, MOCOScytosol

N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucineReach from here →

Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

acetoacetateReach from here →

Catalysed by CTHcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

L-homoarginineReach from here →

Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC25A29inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

kinetensinReach from here →

Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, CMA1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

acetylpyruvateReach from here →

Catalysed by CTH, FAHD1cytosol

all-trans-retinoic acidReach from here →

Catalysed by CTH, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

CHEBI:15570Reach from here →

Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1extracellular space, cytosol

(S)-malateReach from here →

Catalysed by CTH, ME2cytosolOne of 2 routes

15(S)-HPETEReach from here →

Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 5 morecytosol

CHEBI:15699Reach from here →

Catalysed by TXNRD1, TXNRD3, TXNRD2, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 11 routes

CHEBI:15765Reach from here →

Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC3A2, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosol

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartic acidReach from here →

Catalysed by SLC7A13, CADinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

CHEBI:15971Reach from here →

Catalysed by TXNRD1, TXNRD3, TXNRD2, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

sulfateReach from here →

Catalysed by SLC7A13, SLC25A14, SLC25A30inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

ureaReach from here →

Catalysed by SLC7A9, ARG1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 3 routes

2-methyl-3-oxopropanoic acidReach from here →

Catalysed by CTH, AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

(R)-3-aminoisobutyric acidReach from here →

Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, AGXT2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

L-citrullineReach from here →

Catalysed by TXNRD1, TXNRD3, TXNRD2, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 13 routes

L-valineReach from here →

Catalysed by TXNRD1, TXNRD3, TXNRD2, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 17 routes

oxaloacetateReach from here →

Catalysed by CTH, PCcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

nitric oxideReach from here →

Catalysed by SLC7A9, NOS3, NOS1, NOS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

protein polypeptide chainReach from here →

Catalysed by TXNRD1, TXNRD3, TXNRD2cytosolOne of 5 routes

CHEBI:16633Reach from here →

Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SCLYextracellular space, cytosol

(S)-lactateReach from here →

Catalysed by CTH, LDHA, LDHB, LDHC and 2 morecytosol

2-oxobutanoateReach from here →

Catalysed by CTH, AGXT2cytosol

2-oxoglutaramateReach from here →

Catalysed by CTH, KYAT1cytosolOne of 2 routes

3-fumarylpyruvateReach from here →

Catalysed by CTH, FAHD1cytosol

CHEBI:16856Reach from here →

Catalysed by TXNRD1, TXNRD3, TXNRD2cytosolOne of 8 routes

CHEBI:16857Reach from here →

Catalysed by TXNRD1, TXNRD3, TXNRD2, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 14 routes

N-acetyl-L-aspartateReach from here →

Catalysed by SLC7A13, NAT8Linner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →

Catalysed by CTH, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

3-hydroxypyruvateReach from here →

Catalysed by CTH, AGXTcytosol

L-isoleucineReach from here →

Catalysed by TXNRD1, TXNRD3, TXNRD2, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

CHEBI:17203Reach from here →

Catalysed by TXNRD1, TXNRD3, TXNRD2, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

aceneuramateReach from here →

Catalysed by CTH, NPLcytosol

5'-deoxyadenosineReach from here →

Catalysed by CTH, TYW1B, TYW1cytosol

agmatineReach from here →

Catalysed by SLC7A9inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix