Compound
L-cystine
A covalently linked dimeric nonessential amino acid formed by the oxidation of cysteine. Two molecules of cysteine are joined together by a disulfide bridge to form cystine.
Studied for
4 endpoints · 3 findings · 3 papers
- Diastolic blood pressure (setting unspecified)raisesEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.
- SLC7A11raisesEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.
- Systolic blood pressure (setting unspecified)raisesEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.
Structure
Loading the model…
- Class
- Organic compound
- Formula
- C6H12N2O4S2
- Mass
- 240.306 g/mol
- Charge
- 0
- InChIKey
- LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N
- SMILES
- N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](N)C(=O)O)C(=O)O
- Look it up
- ChEBIPubChemBy InChIKey
Identity from ChEBI, geometry from PubChem. Not evidence.
What the evidence says
How to read these marks4 findings · 4 endpoints · 3 papers · by evidence strength
What moved
4 findings
Is transported by SLC7A11
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding“Once cystine is transported into cells through SLC7A11, it is reduced to cysteine, a reaction which consumes NADPH.”
Quoted verbatim from Cystine transporter regulation of pentose phosphate pathway dependency and disulfide stress exposes a targetable metabolic vulnerability in cancer.. - Study
- in vitro · not in humans
- Population
- human renal cancer cell lines (UMRC6, 786-O) with SLC7A11 overexpression
Cystine transporter regulation of pentose phosphate pathway dependency and disulfide stress exposes a targetable metabolic vulnerability in cancer.2020PMID:32231310An author is affiliated with a producerPermalink
Increases diastolic blood pressure (setting unspecified)
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding“Using the same confounding factors, multivariate‐adjusted linear regression analysis confirmed the positive association of L‐cystine levels with SBP and DBP (β = 2.66, p =.015 for SBP; β = 2.50, p =.002 for DBP) (Table 5).”
Quoted verbatim from Blood L-cystine levels positively related to increased risk of hypertension.. - Study
- case-control
- Population
- Adults aged 18-75 years recruited at Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, 22 hypertensive and 63 normotensive; endogenous fasting plasma L-cystine by non-targeted LC-MS/MS metabolomics, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, fasting glucose, triglycerides and HDL-c
Blood L-cystine levels positively related to increased risk of hypertension.2024PMID:39403054Permalink
Increases systolic blood pressure (setting unspecified)
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding“Using the same confounding factors, multivariate‐adjusted linear regression analysis confirmed the positive association of L‐cystine levels with SBP and DBP (β = 2.66, p =.015 for SBP; β = 2.50, p =.002 for DBP) (Table 5).”
Quoted verbatim from Blood L-cystine levels positively related to increased risk of hypertension.. - Study
- case-control
- Population
- Adults aged 18-75 years recruited at Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, 22 hypertensive and 63 normotensive; endogenous fasting plasma L-cystine by non-targeted LC-MS/MS metabolomics, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, fasting glucose, triglycerides and HDL-c
Blood L-cystine levels positively related to increased risk of hypertension.2024PMID:39403054Permalink
Binds CTNS
InsufficientEvidence strength: insufficient. Mechanistic inference, no evidence found, or evidence weakened below very limited.Hypothesis“Here, we present structures of human cystinosin in lumen-open, cytosol-open, and cystine-bound states, which uncover the cystine recognition mechanism and capture the key conformational states of the transport cycle.”
Quoted verbatim from Structure and mechanism of human cystine exporter cystinosin.. - Study
- mechanistic · not in humans
- Population
- purified human cystinosin protein
Structure and mechanism of human cystine exporter cystinosin.2022PMID:36113465Permalink
What it touches on the way
Mechanistic reach
10 entities
10 entities reached.
0 reported hops10 assembled from the scaffold
- SLC7A9ProteinUNIPROT:P82251transported byInferred only36 paths9 endpoints
- TXNRD1ProteinUNIPROT:Q16881substrate ofInferred only32 paths32 endpoints
- DPEP1ProteinUNIPROT:P16444substrate ofInferred only22 paths22 endpoints
- CTHProteinUNIPROT:P32929substrate ofInferred only21 paths21 endpoints
- L-cysteineCompoundCHEBI:17561converted toInferred only18 paths6 endpoints
- DPEP2ProteinUNIPROT:Q9H4A9substrate ofInferred only16 paths16 endpoints
- SLC3A2ProteinUNIPROT:P08195transported byInferred only12 paths12 endpoints
- TXNRD2ProteinUNIPROT:Q9NNW7substrate ofInferred only5 paths5 endpoints
- SLC3A1ProteinUNIPROT:Q07837transported byInferred only3 paths1 endpoint
- SLC7A6ProteinUNIPROT:Q92536transported byInferred only2 paths2 endpoints
What the reference databases state
Statements
26 statements
26 statements · 2 reference databases · Subject: L-cystine · Sources: Human-GEM, Rhea
- L-cystine is converted to L-cysteineCompoundHuman-GEM MAR03996Inferred only
- L-cystine is converted to L-cysteineCompoundHuman-GEM MAR03995Inferred only
- L-cystine is converted to L-cysteineCompoundRhea RHEA:20597Inferred only
- L-cysteine is converted to L-cystineCompoundHuman-GEM MAR03995Inferred only
- L-cysteine is converted to L-cystineCompoundHuman-GEM MAR03996Inferred only
- L-cysteine is converted to L-cystineCompoundRhea RHEA:20597Inferred only
- L-cystine is a substrate of CTHProteinHuman-GEM MAR08683Inferred only
- L-cystine is a substrate of DPEP1ProteinRhea RHEA:60520Inferred only
- L-cystine is a substrate of DPEP2ProteinRhea RHEA:60520Inferred only
- L-cystine is a substrate of TXNRD1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR03995Inferred only
- L-cystine is a substrate of TXNRD2ProteinHuman-GEM MAR03995Inferred only
- L-cystine is a substrate of TXNRD3ProteinHuman-GEM MAR03995Inferred only
Show the remaining 14
- L-cystine is transported by CTNSProteinRhea RHEA:66172Inferred only
- L-cystine is transported by SLC3A1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06892Inferred only
- L-cystine is transported by SLC3A1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR08687Inferred only
- L-cystine is transported by SLC3A1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06891Inferred only
- L-cystine is transported by SLC3A2ProteinHuman-GEM MAR04931Inferred only
- L-cystine is transported by SLC7A11ProteinHuman-GEM MAR04931Inferred only
- L-cystine is transported by SLC7A11ProteinRhea RHEA:70995Inferred only
- L-cystine is transported by SLC7A13ProteinRhea RHEA:76303Inferred only
- L-cystine is transported by SLC7A13ProteinRhea RHEA:76299Inferred only
- L-cystine is transported by SLC7A6ProteinHuman-GEM MAR08687Inferred only
- L-cystine is transported by SLC7A9ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06892Inferred only
- L-cystine is transported by SLC7A9ProteinRhea RHEA:71075Inferred only
- L-cystine is transported by SLC7A9ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06891Inferred only
- L-cystine is transported by SLC7A9ProteinHuman-GEM MAR08687Inferred only
Reactions
24 reactions
L-cystine+proton+NADPH(4-)2L-cysteine+NADP(3-)
Catalysed by TXNRD2 or TXNRD3 or TXNRD1
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedEC 1.8.1.9cytosol
Human-GEM MAR03995CC BY 4.0Reference data
L-cystine+proton+NADH(2-)2L-cysteine+NAD(+)
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedEC 1.8.1.6cytosol
Human-GEM MAR03996CC BY 4.0Reference data
L-cystine+L-glutamate(1-)L-cystine+L-glutamate(1-)
Transported by SLC3A2 & SLC7A11
Reaction pageLeft to rightBalancedextracellular space, cytosol
Human-GEM MAR04931CC BY 4.0Reference data
L-alanine+L-cystineL-alanine+L-cystine
Transported by SLC7A9 & SLC3A1
Reaction pageLeft to rightBalancedcytosol, extracellular space
Human-GEM MAR06891CC BY 4.0Reference data
L-cystine+L-leucineL-cystine+L-leucine
Transported by SLC7A9 & SLC3A1
Reaction pageLeft to rightBalancedextracellular space, cytosol
Human-GEM MAR06892CC BY 4.0Reference data
L-cystine+2CHEBI:168562L-cysteine+glutathione disulfide
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedcytosol
Human-GEM MAR08682CC BY 4.0Reference data
L-cystine+waterproton+ammonium+pyruvate+3-disulfanyl-L-alanine
Catalysed by CTH
Reaction pageLeft to rightBalancedEC 4.4.1.1, 4.4.1.13, 4.4.1.35cytosol
Human-GEM MAR08683CC BY 4.0Reference data
L-cystine+L-seryl residueL-cystine+L-seryl residue
Transported by SLC7A9 & SLC3A1 & SLC7A6
Reaction pageLeft to rightBalancedextracellular space, cytosol
Human-GEM MAR08687CC BY 4.0Reference data
Reaction pageReversibleBalance undeterminableextracellular space
Human-GEM MAR09363CC BY 4.0Reference data
L-cystine+2glutathioneglutathione disulfide+2L-cysteine
Reaction pageDirection not assertedBalanced
Rhea RHEA:12613CC BY 4.0Reference data
2L-cysteine+NAD(1-)L-cystine+NADH(2-)+hydron
Reaction pageDirection not assertedBalanced
Rhea RHEA:20597CC BY 4.0Reference data
L-cystine+waterS-sulfanyl-L-cysteine+pyruvate+ammonium
Reaction pageDirection not assertedBalanced
Rhea RHEA:24927CC BY 4.0Reference data
On the label
Labelled products
8 products
Source: NIH DSLD · Ingredient: L-cystine · 8 products · Declared amount per serving: 26–150 mg (8 products)
8 labels state an amount0 do not
- Evlution NutritionGlowMode50 mgper 1 Veggie Capsule(s)DSLD:302111
- Genestra BrandsAMD100 mgper 1 Capsule(s)DSLD:288312
- MetagenicsCollagenics150 mgper 3 Tablet(s)DSLD:323345
- Progressive Professional from Progressive LaboratoriesAmino BlendL-Cystine26 mgper 3 Capsule(s)DSLD:261202
- Puritan's PrideVitamins for the Hair Timed Release100 mgper 3 Caplet(s)DSLD:285465
- ThorneAmino Complex Berry Flavored150 mgper 7.6 Gram(s)DSLD:328818
- ThorneAmino Complex Berry Flavored150 mgper 7.6 Gram(s)DSLD:337851
- USANACore Minerals80 mgper 2 Tablet(s)DSLD:322313
Label record: NIH Office of Dietary Supplements · CC0
Registered, and not reported
- Source
- ClinicalTrials.gov
- Intervention
- L-cystine
- Status
- Completed, terminated or suspended
- Results posted
- No
Trials without posted results
12 trials
12 registered trials without posted results · Overdue (FDAAA 801): 8
8 past the window4 within it, or no actual date
- NCT07348120completed2026-02-01a university or hospital
- NCT03337360completed2024-12-01a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT05311085completed2024-05-02a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT04126135completed2024-03-04a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT03364101completed2018-04-24a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT03241472completed2017-05a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT02120105completed2017-02-24a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT01366859completed2016-10a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT02766855completed2012-12a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT00001736completedno completion dateNIH
- NCT00010426completedno completion dateUS federal agency
- NCT00071903completedno completion dateNIH
Where it reaches
5 systems, 6 regions, 11 tissues, 11 transporter routes — routes, not measurements: transporters known to carry L-cystine are expressed there, and no source reports it arriving.
Loading the model…
Papers screened
687 papers
- Compound
- L-cystine
- Screened
- 687
- Admitted
- 2
- Discarded
- 635
- Not read
- 50
- Showing
- 200 of 687
Produced a finding2 papers
- PMID:394030542026-10-11
- PMID:322313102026-09-29
Discarded: the wrong intervention582 papers
- PMID:11284017cited by PMID:19103434; not about the subject it would be filed under2026-10-12
- PMID:12119142cited by PMID:19103434; not about the subject it would be filed under2026-10-12
- PMID:12388642cited by PMID:19103434; not about the subject it would be filed under2026-10-12
- PMID:12716962cited by PMID:19103434; not about the subject it would be filed under2026-10-12
- PMID:12778052cited by PMID:19103434; not about the subject it would be filed under2026-10-12
- PMID:14713303cited by PMID:19103434; not about the subject it would be filed under2026-10-12
- PMID:17113207cited by PMID:19103434; not about the subject it would be filed under2026-10-12
- PMID:17606664cited by PMID:19103434; not about the subject it would be filed under2026-10-12
- PMID:17719565cited by PMID:19103434; not about the subject it would be filed under2026-10-12
- PMID:18094234cited by PMID:19103434; not about the subject it would be filed under2026-10-12
- PMID:1928204cited by PMID:19103434; not about the subject it would be filed under2026-10-12
- PMID:2576375cited by PMID:19103434; not about the subject it would be filed under2026-10-12
and 570 more.
Discarded: not retrievable26 papers
- PMID:17606705no PMID parsed, abstract under 200 characters, or no record returned by efetch2026-10-08
- PMID:28716835no PMID parsed, abstract under 200 characters, or no record returned by efetch2026-09-29
- PMID:16695834no PMID parsed, abstract under 200 characters, or no record returned by efetch2026-09-29
and 23 more.
Discarded: another reason, stated per paper16 papers
- PMID:12488257no claim extracted — cause not determined — DOSED: topical cysteamine, new formulation versus standard formulation; cystine is the deposited crystal being scored, not the dosed compound (abstract only) | topical cysteamine (new room-temperature-stable formulation versus standard formulation), abstract2026-10-11
- PMID:19103434no claim extracted — subject_absent — DOSED: N-acetylcysteine 1200 mg twice per day (human smokers) and nicotine (rats); the paper concerns the cystine-glutamate exchanger (xCT), not cystine given or measured, Methods | N-acetylcysteine 1200 mg twice per day orally (Methods); the paper is about the cystine-glutamate exchanger, cystine itself was not dosed2026-10-11
- PMID:41102237no claim extracted — cause not determined2026-10-11
and 13 more.
Discarded: no extractable result7 papers
and 7 more.
Discarded: an endpoint this vocabulary does not hold4 papers
- PMID:42196947no claim extracted — no_outcome_node — measured: hypo-HDL cholesterolemia presence (HDL-C <= 1.04 mmol/L, enzymatic assay) and total dyslipidemia presence, binary case status by paediatric consensus criteria | hypo-HDL cholesterolemia as binary dyslipidemia subtype, HDL-C at or below 1.04 mmol/L, odds ratio2026-10-11
- PMID:24844246claims extracted but the object named resolved to no node — recorded in candidate_nodes (ADR-0070)2026-09-29
and 2 more.
Not read yet50 papers
- PMID:101482592026-09-29
- PMID:125888882026-09-29
- PMID:127488362026-09-29
- PMID:129467392026-09-29
- PMID:150728652026-09-29
- PMID:158655422026-09-29
- PMID:174407152026-09-29
- PMID:176943382026-09-29
- PMID:185332292026-09-29
- PMID:206240862026-09-29
- PMID:208078472026-09-29
- PMID:226223952026-09-29
and 38 more.
Measured, not recorded
- Compound
- L-cystine
- Endpoints measured
- 272 endpoints
- Recorded as a finding
- No
Show what was measured
Dependence of glutathione levels on sodium-dependent L-glutamate and L-cystine transport in rat brain slices
increases
In rat brain slices, sodium-dependent transport of both L-glutamate and L-cystine is necessary for maintaining glutathione levels.
PMID:11709062 · one of two readings recorded this
Effect of L-cystine on sodium-dependent D-[3H]aspartate uptake
no effect
L-Cystine has no effect on the sodium-dependent uptake of D-[(3)H]aspartate.
PMID:11709062 · one of two readings recorded this
Sodium-dependent L-[14C]cystine uptake kinetics (Km) in rat brain synaptosomes
increases, K(m)=473+/-146 microM; ~90% of transport sodium-dependent
Almost 90% of L-cystine transport is by a low-affinity, sodium-dependent mechanism (K(m)=473+/-146 microM), that is mediated by the X(AG)- family of glutamate transporters.
PMID:11709062 · one of two readings recorded this
Eyes with reduction in corneal cystine crystal score (CCCS) of >/=1.00
decreases, p = 0.04
In the efficacy study, 47% of eyes receiving the standard formulation experienced a reduction in the CCCS of >/=1.00 after 1 year, while 7% of eyes on the new formulation experienced such a decrease (p=0.04)
PMID:12488257 · one of two readings recorded this
average daily cigarettes smoked, smoking diary, N-acetylcysteine versus placebo; xCT and GLT-1 protein expression in rat brain nuclei
no effect, 17.7 (SD=7.1) versus 19.7 (SD=6.9) cigarettes per day
Not recorded as a finding: subject_absent
The mean number of daily cigarettes smoked within the N-acetylcysteine group was 17.7 (SD=7.1) and was not significantly different from the placebo group, 19.7 (SD=6.9).
PMID:19103434 · one of two readings recorded this
Average daily cigarettes smoked
no effect, n = 29
The mean number of daily cigarettes smoked within the N-acetylcysteine group was 17.7 (SD=7.1) and was not significantly different from the placebo group, 19.7 (SD=6.9)
PMID:19103434 · one of two readings recorded this
Average nicotine dose self-administered
Rats self-administering nicotine for 21 days received an average dose of 0.95±0.01 mg/kg/day nicotine base
PMID:19103434 · one of two readings recorded this
Carbon monoxide levels
no effect, p = 0.15
No significant effect of N-acetylcysteine (p>0.15) was noted for CO Levels, QSU-B ratings, or M-NWS ratings
PMID:19103434 · one of two readings recorded this
Craving, QSU-B ratings
no effect, p = 0.15
No significant effect of N-acetylcysteine (p>0.15) was noted for CO Levels, QSU-B ratings, or M-NWS ratings
PMID:19103434 · one of two readings recorded this
Daily smoking, alcohol consumption as covariate
unclear, p = 0.001
alcohol consumption proved to be a highly significant covariate, F(1,620) = 19.9, p<0.001
PMID:19103434 · one of two readings recorded this
Daily smoking, effect of Day
decreases, p = 0.001
Analysis of the daily smoking data revealed a significant effect for Day, F(26,600) = 2.4, p<0.001, and a trend (p<0.11) for the Time x Treatment Group interaction
PMID:19103434 · one of two readings recorded this
Daily smoking, Time x Treatment Group interaction
decreases, p = 0.05, n = 27
as well as a significant Time x Treatment Group Interaction, F(26,549) =1.6, p<0.05
PMID:19103434 · one of two readings recorded this
Fagerstrom nicotine dependence score at baseline, N-acetylcysteine
Fagerstrom scores indicated equivalent nicotine dependence for the placebo- (6.2±2.2) and N-acetylcysteine-treated (6.8±1.6) groups
PMID:19103434 · one of two readings recorded this
Fagerstrom nicotine dependence score at baseline, placebo
Fagerstrom scores indicated equivalent nicotine dependence for the placebo- (6.2±2.2) and N-acetylcysteine-treated (6.8±1.6) groups
PMID:19103434 · one of two readings recorded this
GLT-1 protein expression, nucleus accumbens shell
decreases, p = 0.05
GLT-1 expression was significantly decreased in the nucleus accumbens shell (F = 5.181, p<0.05)
PMID:19103434 · one of two readings recorded this
Somatic signs of withdrawal, effect of Group
increases, p = 0.001
A one-way ANOVA revealed a significant effect of Group (F(3,32)= 7.03, p< 0.001) on number of somatic signs exhibited
PMID:19103434 · one of two readings recorded this
Weekly average smoking, Time effect
decreases, p = 0.06
There was a trend (p<0.06) for the Time effect, suggesting a reduction in average weekly smoking overall
PMID:19103434 · one of two readings recorded this
Withdrawal symptoms, M-NWS ratings
no effect, p = 0.15
No significant effect of N-acetylcysteine (p>0.15) was noted for CO Levels, QSU-B ratings, or M-NWS ratings
PMID:19103434 · one of two readings recorded this
xCT protein expression, nucleus accumbens shell
decreases, p = 0.001
There was a significant decrease in xCT protein expression in the nucleus accumbens shell (F(3,24)= 8.99, p<0.001)
PMID:19103434 · one of two readings recorded this
xCT protein expression, PFC and amygdala
no effect
The expression xCT was not altered in the PFC or amygdala between any groups
PMID:19103434 · one of two readings recorded this
xCT protein expression, VTA
decreases, p = 0.005
VTA (F(3,25)=2.97, p=0.005) of rats that had self-administered nicotine relative to SAL rats and either group receiving nicotine via minipumps
PMID:19103434 · one of two readings recorded this
Average steady-state total daily dose, RP103 relative to Cystagon
decreases
The average steady-state total daily dose of RP103 was 82% of the incoming steady-state total daily dose of Cystagon
PMID:22554716 · one of two readings recorded this
WBC cystine, least-squares mean peak value
0.54±0.05 nmol 1/2 cystine/mg protein after 6 hours under Cystagon
PMID:22554716 · one of two readings recorded this
WBC cystine, least-squares mean peak value
the least-squares mean peak value of WBC cystine level was 0.62±0.05 nmol 1/2 cystine/mg protein after 12 hours under RP103
PMID:22554716 · one of two readings recorded this
WBC cystine peak, difference RP103 minus Cystagon
no effect
a difference of 0.08±0.04 nmol 1/2 cystine/mg protein (95.8% confidence interval, 0-0.16)
PMID:22554716 · one of two readings recorded this
glutamate release via system xc-
decreases
Indeed, we observed that sorafenib, like erastin, but not the kinase inhibitor imatinib, resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of system xc− function, as assessed using the glutamate release assay in HT-1080 cells.
PMID:24844246 · one of two readings recorded this
Na+-independent [14C]-cystine uptake
decreases
Erastin treatment (5 μM) completely abolished the Na+-independent uptake of radiolabelled [14C]-cystine in both HT-1080 fibrosarcoma and Calu-1 lung carcinoma cancer cells, as did sulfasalazine (SAS) at 100-fold higher concentrations (500 μM).
PMID:24844246 · one of two readings recorded this
Na+-independent radiolabelled [14C]-cystine uptake
decreases
Erastin treatment (5 μM) completely abolished the Na+-independent uptake of radiolabelled [14C]-cystine in both HT-1080 fibrosarcoma and Calu-1 lung carcinoma cancer cells, as did sulfasalazine (SAS) at 100-fold higher concentrations (500 μM).
PMID:24844246 · one of two readings recorded this
adverse events (CTCAE v4.0, incl. diarrhea) and completion rate of first course of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy at prescribed dose
increases, completion rate 75.0 % in C/T group vs 35.5 % in control
Not recorded as a finding: the intervention held more than the compound
The percent of subjects who were able to complete the first course of chemotherapy at the prescribed dose was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the C/T group (75.0 %) than in the the control group (35.5 %) (Table 4).
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
appetite loss incidence any grade, significance test
decreases, p = 0.05
The incidence of appetite loss and diarrhea of any grade was significantly lower (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) in the C/T group than in the control group in colon cancer patients
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
baseline age
p = 0.917
Age (years) | 63.5 ± 8.9 | 63.2 ± 8.5 | 0.917
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
completion rate of first course of chemotherapy at prescribed dose
increases, p = 0.01
was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the C/T group (75.0 %) than in the the control group (35.5 %)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
completion rate of first course of chemotherapy at prescribed dose
increases, p = 0.01
completion rate was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in C/T group (90.9 %) than control group (41.7 %) in colon cancer patients
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
completion rate of first course of chemotherapy at prescribed dose
no effect
higher, but not significant, in C/T group (44.4 %) than control group (14.3 %) in gastric cancer patients
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
diarrhea incidence any grade, significance test
decreases, p = 0.01
a significant difference (p < 0.01) was observed in the incidence of diarrhea (Table 3)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
diarrhea incidence any grade, significance test
decreases, p = 0.01
The incidence of appetite loss and diarrhea of any grade was significantly lower (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) in the C/T group than in the control group in colon cancer patients
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
diarrhea incidence grade 2 or higher, significance test
decreases, p = 0.05
a significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in the incidence of diarrhea
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
duration of S-1 administration at prescribed dose during first course
increases, p = 0.01
was significantly longer (p < 0.01) in the C/T group (24.8 ± 5.8 days) than in the control group (20.0 ± 7.7 days)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
duration of S-1 administration at prescribed dose during first course
increases, p = 0.01
the duration was significantly longer (p < 0.01) in the C/T group (26.8 ± 3.8 days) than in the control group (21.0 ± 7.4 days) in colon cancer patients
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
duration of S-1 administration at prescribed dose during first course
no effect
longer, but not significant, in the C/T group (21.1 ± 6.8 days) than in the control group (16.3 ± 8.0 days) in gastric cancer patients
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of abdominal pain, any grade
Abdominal pain | 8.3 (8.3) | 0 (0) | 14.3 (14.3) | 0 (0) | 9.7 (9.7) | 0 (0)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of abdominal pain, any grade
Abdominal pain | 8.3 (8.3) | 0 (0) | 14.3 (14.3) | 0 (0) | 9.7 (9.7) | 0 (0)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of abdominal pain, any grade
Abdominal pain | 8.3 (8.3) | 0 (0) | 14.3 (14.3) | 0 (0) | 9.7 (9.7) | 0 (0)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of appetite loss, any grade
Appetite loss | 41.7 (20.8) | 9.1* (0) | 28.6 (14.2) | 44.4 (22.2) | 38.7 (19.4) | 18.8 (6.3)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of appetite loss, any grade
Appetite loss | 41.7 (20.8) | 9.1* (0) | 28.6 (14.2) | 44.4 (22.2) | 38.7 (19.4) | 18.8 (6.3)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of appetite loss, any grade
Appetite loss | 41.7 (20.8) | 9.1* (0) | 28.6 (14.2) | 44.4 (22.2) | 38.7 (19.4) | 18.8 (6.3)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of appetite loss, grade 2 or higher
Appetite loss | 41.7 (20.8) | 9.1* (0) | 28.6 (14.2) | 44.4 (22.2) | 38.7 (19.4) | 18.8 (6.3)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of appetite loss, grade 2 or higher
Appetite loss | 41.7 (20.8) | 9.1* (0) | 28.6 (14.2) | 44.4 (22.2) | 38.7 (19.4) | 18.8 (6.3)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of appetite loss, grade 2 or higher
Appetite loss | 41.7 (20.8) | 9.1* (0) | 28.6 (14.2) | 44.4 (22.2) | 38.7 (19.4) | 18.8 (6.3)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of diarrhea, any grade
decreases
Diarrhea | 41.7 (25.0) | 4.5** (4.5) | 42.9 (28.6) | 11.1 (0) | 41.9 (25.8) | 9.4** (3.1*)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of diarrhea, any grade
decreases
Diarrhea | 41.7 (25.0) | 4.5** (4.5) | 42.9 (28.6) | 11.1 (0) | 41.9 (25.8) | 9.4** (3.1*)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of diarrhea, any grade
Diarrhea | 41.7 (25.0) | 4.5** (4.5) | 42.9 (28.6) | 11.1 (0) | 41.9 (25.8) | 9.4** (3.1*)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of diarrhea, grade 2 or higher
decreases
Diarrhea | 41.7 (25.0) | 4.5** (4.5) | 42.9 (28.6) | 11.1 (0) | 41.9 (25.8) | 9.4** (3.1*)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of diarrhea, grade 2 or higher
Diarrhea | 41.7 (25.0) | 4.5** (4.5) | 42.9 (28.6) | 11.1 (0) | 41.9 (25.8) | 9.4** (3.1*)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of diarrhea, grade 2 or higher
Diarrhea | 41.7 (25.0) | 4.5** (4.5) | 42.9 (28.6) | 11.1 (0) | 41.9 (25.8) | 9.4** (3.1*)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of exantheme, any grade
Exantheme | 8.3 (4.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6.5 (3.2) | 0 (0)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of exantheme, any grade
Exantheme | 8.3 (4.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6.5 (3.2) | 0 (0)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of exantheme, grade 2 or higher
Exantheme | 8.3 (4.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6.5 (3.2) | 0 (0)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of exantheme, grade 2 or higher
Exantheme | 8.3 (4.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6.5 (3.2) | 0 (0)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of fatigue, any grade
Fatigue | 16.7 (12.5) | 9.1 (0) | 42.9 (14.2) | 11.1 (0) | 22.6 (12.9) | 9.4 (0)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of fatigue, any grade
Fatigue | 16.7 (12.5) | 9.1 (0) | 42.9 (14.2) | 11.1 (0) | 22.6 (12.9) | 9.4 (0)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of fatigue, any grade
Fatigue | 16.7 (12.5) | 9.1 (0) | 42.9 (14.2) | 11.1 (0) | 22.6 (12.9) | 9.4 (0)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of fatigue, grade 2 or higher
Fatigue | 16.7 (12.5) | 9.1 (0) | 42.9 (14.2) | 11.1 (0) | 22.6 (12.9) | 9.4 (0)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of fatigue, grade 2 or higher
Fatigue | 16.7 (12.5) | 9.1 (0) | 42.9 (14.2) | 11.1 (0) | 22.6 (12.9) | 9.4 (0)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of fatigue, grade 2 or higher
Fatigue | 16.7 (12.5) | 9.1 (0) | 42.9 (14.2) | 11.1 (0) | 22.6 (12.9) | 9.4 (0)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of fever, any grade
Fever | 4.2 (4.2) | 0 (0) | 28.6 (28.6) | 0 (0) | 9.7 (9.7) | 0 (0)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of fever, any grade
Fever | 4.2 (4.2) | 0 (0) | 28.6 (28.6) | 0 (0) | 9.7 (9.7) | 0 (0)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of fever, any grade
Fever | 4.2 (4.2) | 0 (0) | 28.6 (28.6) | 0 (0) | 9.7 (9.7) | 0 (0)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of nausea, any grade
Nausea | 16.7 (12.5) | 18.2 (4.5) | 14.2 (0) | 22.2 (0) | 16.1 (9.7) | 18.8 (3.1)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of nausea, any grade
Nausea | 16.7 (12.5) | 18.2 (4.5) | 14.2 (0) | 22.2 (0) | 16.1 (9.7) | 18.8 (3.1)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of nausea, any grade
Nausea | 16.7 (12.5) | 18.2 (4.5) | 14.2 (0) | 22.2 (0) | 16.1 (9.7) | 18.8 (3.1)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of nausea, grade 2 or higher
Nausea | 16.7 (12.5) | 18.2 (4.5) | 14.2 (0) | 22.2 (0) | 16.1 (9.7) | 18.8 (3.1)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of nausea, grade 2 or higher
Nausea | 16.7 (12.5) | 18.2 (4.5) | 14.2 (0) | 22.2 (0) | 16.1 (9.7) | 18.8 (3.1)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of nausea, grade 2 or higher
Nausea | 16.7 (12.5) | 18.2 (4.5) | 14.2 (0) | 22.2 (0) | 16.1 (9.7) | 18.8 (3.1)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of neutropenia, any grade
Neutropenia % | 16.7 (16.7) | 0 (0) | 14.2 (14.2) | 33.3 (33.3) | 16.1 (16.1) | 9.4 (9.4)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of neutropenia, any grade
Neutropenia % | 16.7 (16.7) | 0 (0) | 14.2 (14.2) | 33.3 (33.3) | 16.1 (16.1) | 9.4 (9.4)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of neutropenia, any grade
Neutropenia % | 16.7 (16.7) | 0 (0) | 14.2 (14.2) | 33.3 (33.3) | 16.1 (16.1) | 9.4 (9.4)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of neutropenia, grade 2 or higher
Neutropenia % | 16.7 (16.7) | 0 (0) | 14.2 (14.2) | 33.3 (33.3) | 16.1 (16.1) | 9.4 (9.4)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of neutropenia, grade 2 or higher
Neutropenia % | 16.7 (16.7) | 0 (0) | 14.2 (14.2) | 33.3 (33.3) | 16.1 (16.1) | 9.4 (9.4)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of neutropenia, grade 2 or higher
Neutropenia % | 16.7 (16.7) | 0 (0) | 14.2 (14.2) | 33.3 (33.3) | 16.1 (16.1) | 9.4 (9.4)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of pigmentation, any grade
Pigmentation | 25.0 (0) | 22.7 (0) | 57.1 (0) | 22.2 (0) | 32.3 (0) | 25.0 (0)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of pigmentation, any grade
Pigmentation | 25.0 (0) | 22.7 (0) | 57.1 (0) | 22.2 (0) | 32.3 (0) | 25.0 (0)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of pigmentation, any grade
Pigmentation | 25.0 (0) | 22.7 (0) | 57.1 (0) | 22.2 (0) | 32.3 (0) | 25.0 (0)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of stomatitis, any grade
Stomatitis | 29.2 (8.3) | 13.6 (0) | 28.6 (28.6) | 22.0 (0) | 29.0 (12.9) | 18.8 (3.1)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of stomatitis, any grade
Stomatitis | 29.2 (8.3) | 13.6 (0) | 28.6 (28.6) | 22.0 (0) | 29.0 (12.9) | 18.8 (3.1)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of stomatitis, any grade
Stomatitis | 29.2 (8.3) | 13.6 (0) | 28.6 (28.6) | 22.0 (0) | 29.0 (12.9) | 18.8 (3.1)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of stomatitis, grade 2 or higher
Stomatitis | 29.2 (8.3) | 13.6 (0) | 28.6 (28.6) | 22.0 (0) | 29.0 (12.9) | 18.8 (3.1)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of stomatitis, grade 2 or higher
Stomatitis | 29.2 (8.3) | 13.6 (0) | 28.6 (28.6) | 22.0 (0) | 29.0 (12.9) | 18.8 (3.1)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of stomatitis, grade 2 or higher
Stomatitis | 29.2 (8.3) | 13.6 (0) | 28.6 (28.6) | 22.0 (0) | 29.0 (12.9) | 18.8 (3.1)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of vertigo, any grade
Vertigo | 4.2 (4.2) | 0 (0) | 14.3 (14.3) | 0 (0) | 3.2 (3.2) | 0 (0)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of vertigo, any grade
Vertigo | 4.2 (4.2) | 0 (0) | 14.3 (14.3) | 0 (0) | 3.2 (3.2) | 0 (0)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of vertigo, any grade
Vertigo | 4.2 (4.2) | 0 (0) | 14.3 (14.3) | 0 (0) | 3.2 (3.2) | 0 (0)
PMID:27306219 · one of two readings recorded this
24 hour urinary cystine excretion, individual response
decreases, n = 10
The increase in dose led to a reduction in 24 hour cystine excretion in nine of the 10 participants
PMID:30980122 · one of two readings recorded this
24 hour urinary cystine excretion
decreases, p = 0.39, n = 10
The 24 hour cystine excretion was significantly lower at that dose compared with 0g (P<0.39)
PMID:30980122 · one of two readings recorded this
24 hour urinary cystine excretion
no effect
Again, increases in dose from 1 to 2 to 3 g/day caused no consistent or significant decrease in cystine excretion
PMID:30980122 · one of two readings recorded this
predictors of cystine capacity (urine volume, phosphorus, creatinine)
modulates
univariate generalized least squares regression demonstrated that urine volume, phosphorus, and creatinine were predictors of cystine capacity (Table 2)
PMID:30980122 · one of two readings recorded this
urinary cystine capacity, individual response 0 to 1 g/day
increases
Of the ten participants, all ten had an increase in cystine capacity when the dose was increased from 0 to 1g per day
PMID:30980122 · one of two readings recorded this
urinary cystine capacity
increases, p = 0.009, n = 10
On average, patients had more positive cystine capacity values when they took 1g per day of CBTD compared to 0g (p=0.009, Figure 1 and Table 1)
PMID:30980122 · one of two readings recorded this
urinary cystine capacity
no effect
Increases in dose from 1 to 2 to 3 g/day caused no further consistent or significant increase in cystine capacity
PMID:30980122 · one of two readings recorded this
urine sodium as predictor of cystine capacity
no effect
urine sodium was not a significant predictor of cystine capacity
PMID:30980122 · one of two readings recorded this
length of follow-up
mean 9.6 years (range 3.5-21.8 years), n = 253
The mean length of follow-up was 9.6 years (range 3.5-21.8 years).
PMID:30989375 · one of two readings recorded this
number of surgical procedures per patient and per patient-year over long-term follow-up in cystine stone patients
mean 5.7 procedures/patient (range 2-9.8/patient); mean 0.59 procedures/patient/year (range 0.22-1.32/patient/year), n = 253
Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint
The overall mean number of surgical procedures/patient was 5.7 (range 2-9.8/patient) with the overall mean number of surgical procedures/patient/year at 0.59 (range 0.22-1.32/patient/year).
PMID:30989375 · one of two readings recorded this
number of surgical procedures per patient and per patient-year over long-term follow-up
mean 5.7 procedures/patient (range 2-9.8/patient); mean 0.59 procedures/patient/year (range 0.22-1.32/patient/year), n = 253
The overall mean number of surgical procedures/patient was 5.7 (range 2-9.8/patient) with the overall mean number of surgical procedures/patient/year at 0.59 (range 0.22-1.32/patient/year).
PMID:30989375 · one of two readings recorded this
number of surgical procedures per patient per year
overall mean 0.59 (range 0.22-1.32/patient/year), n = 253
The overall mean number of surgical procedures/patient was 5.7 (range 2-9.8/patient) with the overall mean number of surgical procedures/patient/year at 0.59 (range 0.22-1.32/patient/year).
PMID:30989375 · one of two readings recorded this
number of surgical procedures per patient
overall mean 5.7 (range 2-9.8/patient), n = 253
The overall mean number of surgical procedures/patient was 5.7 (range 2-9.8/patient) with the overall mean number of surgical procedures/patient/year at 0.59 (range 0.22-1.32/patient/year).
PMID:30989375 · one of two readings recorded this
capecitabine-induced adverse events overall
no effect
There were no significant differences in capecitabine-induced AEs between the two groups
PMID:31811480 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of diarrhea grade 1 or higher
no effect, p = 0.169
the incidence rate of diarrhea of grade 1 or higher tended to be lower in the cystine/theanine group than the placebo group (18.4% vs. 28.9%, p = 0.169)
PMID:31811480 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of grade 1 or higher diarrhea (CTCAE v.4.0-JCOG) and hand-foot syndrome in capecitabine-treated colorectal cancer patients
no effect, no significant differences in capecitabine-induced AEs between groups
Not recorded as a finding: the intervention held more than the compound
There were no significant differences in capecitabine-induced AEs between the two groups.
PMID:31811480 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of hand-foot syndrome grade 1 or higher (CTCAE v.4.0-JCOG)
no effect, p = 0.185
67.4% vs. 77.8%, p = 0.185
PMID:31811480 · one of two readings recorded this
incidence of hand-foot syndrome grade 1 or higher (HFS grading scale)
no effect, p = 0.124
67.3% vs. 80.0%, p = 0.124
PMID:31811480 · one of two readings recorded this
cell death (propidium-iodide positive cells) under glucose starvation
increases
This apparent collapse of the thiol redox system was accompanied with a significantly increased cell death in SLC7A11-overexpressing cells under glucose starvation (and).
PMID:32231310 · one of two readings recorded this
intracellular cystine and cysteine levels, LC-MS metabolomics
increases
notably, glucose starvation drastically increased cystine levels in SLC7A11-overexpressing cells.
PMID:32231310 · one of two readings recorded this
Intracellular NADP+/NADPH ratio under glucose starvation in SLC7A11-overexpressing cells
increases
As shown in Fig. 3a, combining SLC7A11 overexpression and glucose starvation dramatically increased NADP+/NADPH ratio (which indicates NADPH depletion), suggesting that SLC7A11 depletes NADPH under glucose-limiting conditions.
PMID:32231310 · one of two readings recorded this
xenograft tumour growth under GLUT inhibition
decreases
Treatment with KL-11743 dramatically decreased the growth of SLC7A11-high NCI-H226 xenograft tumors; importantly, SLC7A11 deletion abolished the increased sensitivity of these tumors to GLUT inhibition (and).
PMID:32231310 · one of two readings recorded this
baseline age
p = 0.012, n = 28
Age (years) | 58.1 ± 2.7 | 67.5 ± 1.7 | 0.012*
PMID:32594273 · one of two readings recorded this
baseline body mass index
p = 0.108, n = 28
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.5 ± 0.8 | 23.4 ± 0.8 | 0.108
PMID:32594273 · one of two readings recorded this
baseline body surface area
p = 0.462, n = 28
Body surface area (m2) | 1.63 ± 0.05 | 1.57 ± 0.04 | 0.462
PMID:32594273 · one of two readings recorded this
completion rate for cystine and theanine
The completion rate for cystine and theanine in the treatment group was 100%
PMID:32594273 · one of two readings recorded this
correlation between original questionnaire scores and CTCAE neurosensory toxicity grades
increases, p = 0.001
The spearman rank-correlation coefficient between our original scores and CTCAE neurosensory toxicity grades was 0.60 (p < 0.001)
PMID:32594273 · one of two readings recorded this
CTCAE neuropathy grade
decreases, p = 0.037
fourth (0.55 and 0.92, respectively, p = 0.037)
PMID:32594273 · one of two readings recorded this
CTCAE neuropathy grade
decreases, p = 0.017
sixth course (0.55 and 1.00, respectively, p = 0.017)
PMID:32594273 · one of two readings recorded this
cumulative oxaliplatin dose
no effect, p = 0.85
The cumulative dose of L-OHP was 671 ± 52 mg in the C/T group and 714 ± 23 mg in the control group, which was not statistically different (p = 0.85)
PMID:32594273 · one of two readings recorded this
internal consistency of the 7-item questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha)
The Cronbach’s α coefficient of internal consistency for the questionnaire was 0.78
PMID:32594273 · one of two readings recorded this
neuropathy score, original 7-item questionnaire
decreases, p = 0.029
fifth (1.09 and 3.36, respectively, p = 0.029)
PMID:32594273 · one of two readings recorded this
neuropathy score, original 7-item questionnaire
decreases, p = 0.026
fourth (1.17 and 3.08, respectively, p = 0.026)
PMID:32594273 · one of two readings recorded this
neuropathy score, original 7-item questionnaire
decreases, p = 0.038
sixth course (1.27 and 4.18, respectively, p = 0.038)
PMID:32594273 · one of two readings recorded this
oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy, original 7-item questionnaire (0-28) and CTCAE v4.0 neuropathy grade
decreases, questionnaire scores 1.17 vs 3.08 (fourth course), 1.09 vs 3.36 (fifth), 1.27 vs 4.18 (sixth)
Not recorded as a finding: the intervention held more than the compound
Neuropathy scores according to our original questionnaire were significantly smaller in the C/T group than in the control group at the fourth (1.17 and 3.08, respectively, p = 0.026), fifth (1.09 and 3.36, respectively, p = 0.029), and sixth course (1.27 and 4.18, respectively, p = 0.038).
PMID:32594273 · one of two readings recorded this
patients completing six courses without suspension
no effect, p = 0.62
The number of patients who completed six courses without suspension was 11 in the C/T group and 12 in the control group (p = 0.62)
PMID:32594273 · one of two readings recorded this
patients prescribed moisturizing agents
no effect, p = 0.11
Three patients in the C/T group and seven in the control group prescribed moisturizing agents for the prevention of dry skin (p = 0.11)
PMID:32594273 · one of two readings recorded this
patients prescribed pregabalin
no effect, p = 0.7
Patients who received pregabalin for neuropathic pain were five in the C/T group and six in the control group (p = 0.70)
PMID:32594273 · one of two readings recorded this
ratio of cumulative oxaliplatin dose to predetermined dose
no effect, p = 0.98
The ratio of the cumulative dose to the predetermined dose in the C/T group and the control group was 90.5% and 94.7%, respectively (p = 0.98)
PMID:32594273 · one of two readings recorded this
Glutathione (GSH) concentration in cornea
decreases, GSH levels decreased by 43% in xCT KO mice at six weeks of age, similar to WT at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months
Interestingly, GSH levels were decreased by 43% in xCT KO mice at six weeks of age but were similar between WT and xCT KO corneas at three months, six months, nine months, and 12 months of age (unpublished data).
PMID:32655769 · one of two readings recorded this
Visual acuity by optomotor testing
no effect, loss of xCT did not affect visual acuity between age-matched WT and xCT KO mice
While an age-related decline in visual acuity was reported between genotypes, loss of xCT did not affect visual acuity between age-matched WT and xCT KO mice.
PMID:32655769 · one of two readings recorded this
correlation of urinary calcium with urinary cystine excretion
no effect, p = 0.489
urinary calcium excretion was neither correlated with urinary cystine (WD: R = 0.588, p = 0.074; MD: R = −0.248, p = 0.489; VD: R = 0.345, p = 0.328)
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
correlation of urinary calcium with urinary cystine excretion
no effect, p = 0.328
urinary calcium excretion was neither correlated with urinary cystine (WD: R = 0.588, p = 0.074; MD: R = −0.248, p = 0.489; VD: R = 0.345, p = 0.328)
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
correlation of urinary calcium with urinary cystine excretion
no effect, p = 0.074
urinary calcium excretion was neither correlated with urinary cystine (WD: R = 0.588, p = 0.074; MD: R = −0.248, p = 0.489; VD: R = 0.345, p = 0.328)
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
correlation of urinary calcium with urinary phosphate excretion
no effect, p = 0.405
nor with urinary phosphate excretion (WD: R = 0.212, p = 0.556; MD: R = −0.297, p = 0.405; VD: R = 0.418, p = 0.229)
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
correlation of urinary calcium with urinary phosphate excretion
no effect, p = 0.229
nor with urinary phosphate excretion (WD: R = 0.212, p = 0.556; MD: R = −0.297, p = 0.405; VD: R = 0.418, p = 0.229)
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
correlation of urinary calcium with urinary phosphate excretion
no effect, p = 0.556
nor with urinary phosphate excretion (WD: R = 0.212, p = 0.556; MD: R = −0.297, p = 0.405; VD: R = 0.418, p = 0.229)
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
correlation of urinary phosphate with urinary cystine excretion
no effect, p = 0.467
Urinary phosphate was positively correlated with urinary cystine excretion on the WD and VD (WD: R = 0.709, p = 0.022; MD: R = 0.261, p = 0.467; VD: R = 0.648, p = 0.043)
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
correlation of urinary phosphate with urinary cystine excretion
increases, p = 0.043
Urinary phosphate was positively correlated with urinary cystine excretion on the WD and VD (WD: R = 0.709, p = 0.022; MD: R = 0.261, p = 0.467; VD: R = 0.648, p = 0.043)
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
correlation of urinary phosphate with urinary cystine excretion
increases, p = 0.022
Urinary phosphate was positively correlated with urinary cystine excretion on the WD and VD (WD: R = 0.709, p = 0.022; MD: R = 0.261, p = 0.467; VD: R = 0.648, p = 0.043)
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
correlation of urinary sodium with urinary cystine excretion
no effect, p = 0.603
nor with urinary sodium excretion (WD: R = −0.006, p = 0.987; MD: R = −0.188, p = 0.603; VD: R = 0.176, p = 0.627)
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
correlation of urinary sodium with urinary cystine excretion
no effect, p = 0.627
nor with urinary sodium excretion (WD: R = −0.006, p = 0.987; MD: R = −0.188, p = 0.603; VD: R = 0.176, p = 0.627)
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
correlation of urinary sodium with urinary cystine excretion
no effect, p = 0.987
nor with urinary sodium excretion (WD: R = −0.006, p = 0.987; MD: R = −0.188, p = 0.603; VD: R = 0.176, p = 0.627)
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
correlation of urinary sulfate with urinary cystine excretion
no effect, p = 0.229
urinary cystine excretion was neither associated with urinary sulfate (WD: R = 0.139, p = 0.701; MD: R = 0.418, p = 0.229; VD: R = −0.006, p = 0.987)
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
correlation of urinary sulfate with urinary cystine excretion
no effect, p = 0.987
urinary cystine excretion was neither associated with urinary sulfate (WD: R = 0.139, p = 0.701; MD: R = 0.418, p = 0.229; VD: R = −0.006, p = 0.987)
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
correlation of urinary sulfate with urinary cystine excretion
no effect, p = 0.701
urinary cystine excretion was neither associated with urinary sulfate (WD: R = 0.139, p = 0.701; MD: R = 0.418, p = 0.229; VD: R = −0.006, p = 0.987)
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
correlation of urine pH with urinary cystine excretion
no effect, p = 0.521
urinary cystine excretion was not associated with urine pH on the MD and VD (WD: R = −0.745, p = 0.013; MD: R = 0.231, p = 0.521; VD: R = −0.309, p = 0.385)
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
correlation of urine pH with urinary cystine excretion
no effect, p = 0.385
urinary cystine excretion was not associated with urine pH on the MD and VD (WD: R = −0.745, p = 0.013; MD: R = 0.231, p = 0.521; VD: R = −0.309, p = 0.385)
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
correlation of urine pH with urinary cystine excretion
decreases, p = 0.013
urinary cystine excretion was not associated with urine pH on the MD and VD (WD: R = −0.745, p = 0.013; MD: R = 0.231, p = 0.521; VD: R = −0.309, p = 0.385)
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
ion activity product of cystine
decreases
The ion activity product of cystine was significantly lower on the MD and VD than on the WD
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
urinary calcium excretion
decreases
Urinary calcium excretion was significantly highest on the WD and lowest on the VD
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
urinary creatinine excretion
no effect
Urinary creatinine excretion did not differ between the study phases
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
urinary cysteine excretion
no effect
Both urinary cystine and cysteine excretion tended to be lower on the VD compared to the WD, although the differences were not statistically significant
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
urinary cystine concentration
decreases
Urinary cystine concentration was significantly lower on the MD and VD compared to the WD due to significant differences in urinary volume
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
urinary cystine excretion, individual response VD vs WD
decreases
Compared to the WD, the VD resulted in decreased urinary cystine excretion in 9 of the 10 individuals
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
urinary cystine excretion
no effect
Both urinary cystine and cysteine excretion tended to be lower on the VD compared to the WD, although the differences were not statistically significant
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
urinary cystine excretion
no effect, n = 10
Urinary cystine excretion was 131, 97, and 103 µmol/24 h on the WD, MD, and VD, respectively
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
urinary cystine-to-cysteine ratio
no effect
The urinary cystine-to-cysteine ratio did not change throughout the study
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
urinary phosphate as predictor of urinary cystine excretion (univariate regression)
increases
Univariate regression analysis confirmed that neither urinary sodium nor sulfate excretion was a predictor of urinary cystine excretion, but phosphate excretion was (Table 3)
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
urinary phosphate excretion
decreases
Urinary phosphate excretion was significantly higher on the WD compared to the VD
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
urinary sodium and chloride excretion
decreases
Urinary sodium and chloride excretion differed significantly between diets and were highest on the WD, moderate on the MD, and lowest on the VD
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
urinary sulfate as predictor of urinary cysteine excretion (univariate regression)
increases
In addition, univariate regression analysis revealed that neither urinary sodium nor phosphate excretion was a predictor of urinary cysteine excretion, but sulfate excretion was (Table 4)
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
urinary sulfate excretion
decreases
Urinary sulfate excretion was significantly lower on the MD and VD than the WD
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
urine pH highest on VD, individual response
increases, n = 10
In all 10 participants, urine pH was highest on the VD
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
urine pH
increases
Urine pH was significantly lowest on the WD and highest on the VD
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
urine pH
Urine pH was at the upper physiological limit of 6.8 on the lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet
PMID:33561968 · one of two readings recorded this
cell survival under cystine-deprivation medium with vs without CISD3 knockdown
decreases
The results showed that CISD3 depletion significantly sensitized cells to cystine-deprivation-induced cell death.
PMID:34497268 · one of two readings recorded this
lipid peroxidation and ferroptotic cell death following CISD3 knockdown combined with Xc- inhibition or cystine-deprivation
increases
Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint
Moreover, knockdown of CISD3 significantly accelerates lipid peroxidation and accentuates free iron accumulation triggered by Xc- inhibition or cystine-deprivation, thus causing ferroptotic cell death.
PMID:34497268 · one of two readings recorded this
xenograft tumor growth after erastin treatment in control vs CISD3-knockdown HT-1080 cells
decreases
Compared to control shRNA cells, erastin effectively reduced the size of tumors formed by shCISD3 cells.
PMID:34497268 · one of two readings recorded this
mRNA expression of system xc- subunits SLC7A11 and SLC3A2 in peripheral white blood cells of schizophrenia patients vs healthy controls
decreases
The peripheral mRNA expression levels of two system xc− subunits, SLC7A11 and SLC3A2 (particularly SLC3A2), are decreased in patients with schizophrenia.
PMID:34575878 · one of two readings recorded this
larval growth (time to pupariation) after dietary cysteine supplementation on a low-protein diet
decreases
Supplementation of food with cysteine suppressed growth in larvae to a distinctly greater extent than any other amino acid, and this phenotype was accentuated in a low-protein diet.
PMID:35175796 · one of two readings recorded this
lysosomal cystine levels in dCTNS knockout larvae
increases
dCTNS−/− larvae showed accumulation of cystine (fig. S7D), consistent with a role for cystinosin in lysosomal cystine transport.
PMID:35175796 · one of two readings recorded this
anticoagulant activity (clotting time) of compound 1 in human plasma coagulation assays
increases, EC2x = 2.9 µM
For 1, a concentration‐dependent effect on plasma clotting was observed, with the inhibitor concentration required to double the clotting time (EC2×) calculated as 2.9 μM.
PMID:35224831 · one of two readings recorded this
six-minute walk test distance
increases, p = 0.05
6MWT on POD 7 in the CT group was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in the placebo group
PMID:35684118 · one of two readings recorded this
baseline surgery-related factors and postoperative complications
no effect
which include operation time, blood loss, and frequency of postoperative complications, did not differ significantly between the two groups
PMID:35684118 · one of two readings recorded this
C-reactive protein (POD 13), white blood cell and neutrophil counts, perioperative inflammation indicators after esophagectomy
decreases, significantly lower (p < 0.05) in CT group than placebo
Not recorded as a finding: the intervention held more than the compound
Regarding the indicators of inflammation, white blood cell count (POD 2 and 10), neutrophil (POD 2, 7, and 10), and CRP (POD 13) in the CT group were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that found in the placebo group.
PMID:35684118 · one of two readings recorded this
C-reactive protein
decreases, p = 0.05
white blood cell count (POD 2 and 10), neutrophil (POD 2, 7, and 10), and CRP (POD 13) in the CT group were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that found in the placebo group
PMID:35684118 · one of two readings recorded this
exercise (physical activity, accelerometer)
no effect, p = 0.05
Regarding exercise and the number of steps, there was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between the two groups during the observation period
PMID:35684118 · one of two readings recorded this
inflammation indicators (white blood cell count, neutrophil count, CRP) after esophagectomy
decreases, significantly lower in CT group than placebo, p < 0.05, n = 32
Not recorded as a finding: the intervention held more than the compound
Regarding the indicators of inflammation, white blood cell count (POD 2 and 10), neutrophil (POD 2, 7, and 10), and CRP (POD 13) in the CT group were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that found in the placebo group.
PMID:35684118 · one of two readings recorded this
neutrophil count
decreases, p = 0.05
white blood cell count (POD 2 and 10), neutrophil (POD 2, 7, and 10), and CRP (POD 13) in the CT group were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that found in the placebo group
PMID:35684118 · one of two readings recorded this
number of steps per day
no effect, p = 0.05
Regarding exercise and the number of steps, there was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between the two groups during the observation period
PMID:35684118 · one of two readings recorded this
nutritional indicators (serum albumin, prealbumin, RBP, CONUT score)
no effect, p = 0.05
There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between the two groups in terms of nutritional indicators, such as serum albumin, prealbumin, RBP, and CONUT score
PMID:35684118 · one of two readings recorded this
QoR-40 Patient Support subscale
increases
Regarding QoR-40, the total score and the subscale scores of Physical Independence and Patient Support were significantly higher in the CT group than in the placebo group on POD 13
PMID:35684118 · one of two readings recorded this
QoR-40 Physical Independence subscale
increases
Regarding QoR-40, the total score and the subscale scores of Physical Independence and Patient Support were significantly higher in the CT group than in the placebo group on POD 13
PMID:35684118 · one of two readings recorded this
QoR-40 total score
increases
Regarding QoR-40, the total score and the subscale scores of Physical Independence and Patient Support were significantly higher in the CT group than in the placebo group on POD 13
PMID:35684118 · one of two readings recorded this
white blood cell count
decreases, p = 0.05
white blood cell count (POD 2 and 10), neutrophil (POD 2, 7, and 10), and CRP (POD 13) in the CT group were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that found in the placebo group
PMID:35684118 · one of two readings recorded this
cystine transport activity of cystinosin and structure-guided mutants in a cell-based uptake assay
decreases, ~70% reduction
Removing the NTD reduced cystine transport activity by ~ 70% in a cell-based uptake assay and severely impaired the expression and stability of cystinosin (Figure S4H and S4J), suggesting an important structural role.
PMID:36113465 · one of two readings recorded this
Gastric mucosal injury, glutamate levels, and cystine/glutamate transporter (xCT) activity following cold stimulation, alongside miR-143/miR-152/miR-181 expression
decreases
Not recorded as a finding: another reason, stated per paper
We found that cold stimulation induced gastric mucosa injury with a reduction in glutamate levels and xCT activity and upregulation of miR-143, miR-152, and miR-181 expression.
PMID:36249798 · one of two readings recorded this
gastric mucosal injury induced by cold stimulation; glutamate levels and cystine/glutamate transporter (xCT) activity
decreases
Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint
We found that cold stimulation induced gastric mucosa injury with a reduction in glutamate levels and xCT activity and upregulation of miR-143, miR-152, and miR-181 expression.
PMID:36249798 · one of two readings recorded this
gastric mucosal injury/ulcer index after exogenous glutamate supplementation in cold-stressed rats
decreases, p = 0.05, n = 8
The glutamate-supplemented group showed reduced gastric mucosal swelling, congestion, and epithelial shedding, accompanied by a significant decrease in the ulcer index.
PMID:36249798 · one of two readings recorded this
gastric mucosal ulcer index and xCT (cystine/glutamate transporter) protein expression after cold stress
decreases, p = 0.05, n = 8
A lower level of xCT protein was detected in the cold stress group compared with that in the control, while the expression of xCT mRNA was not significantly changed.
PMID:36249798 · one of two readings recorded this
complication rate after SWL, URS or PCNL
complication rate 2.8-51% (SWL), 14-27% (URS), 12.9-15.4% (PCNL)
The reported SFR in studies ranged from 50 to 83%, 59 to 100% and 63 to 80.6%, with a complication rate of 2.8-51%, 14-27% and 12.9-15.4% with SWL, URS and PCNL, respectively.
PMID:37079195 · one of two readings recorded this
complication rate with PCNL
12.9-15.4%
The reported SFR in studies ranged from 50 to 83%, 59 to 100% and 63 to 80.6%, with a complication rate of 2.8-51%, 14-27% and 12.9-15.4% with SWL, URS and PCNL, respectively.
PMID:37079195 · one of two readings recorded this
complication rate with SWL
2.8-51%
The reported SFR in studies ranged from 50 to 83%, 59 to 100% and 63 to 80.6%, with a complication rate of 2.8-51%, 14-27% and 12.9-15.4% with SWL, URS and PCNL, respectively.
PMID:37079195 · one of two readings recorded this
complication rate with URS
14-27%
The reported SFR in studies ranged from 50 to 83%, 59 to 100% and 63 to 80.6%, with a complication rate of 2.8-51%, 14-27% and 12.9-15.4% with SWL, URS and PCNL, respectively.
PMID:37079195 · one of two readings recorded this
stone-free rate (SFR) after SWL, URS or PCNL
SFR 50-83% (SWL), 59-100% (URS), 63-80.6% (PCNL)
The reported SFR in studies ranged from 50 to 83%, 59 to 100% and 63 to 80.6%, with a complication rate of 2.8-51%, 14-27% and 12.9-15.4% with SWL, URS and PCNL, respectively.
PMID:37079195 · one of two readings recorded this
stone-free rate (SFR) and complication rate after SWL, URS or PCNL management of paediatric cystine stones
SFR 50-83% (SWL), 59-100% (URS), 63-80.6% (PCNL); complication rate 2.8-51% (SWL), 14-27% (URS), 12.9-15.4% (PCNL)
Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint
The reported SFR in studies ranged from 50 to 83%, 59 to 100% and 63 to 80.6%, with a complication rate of 2.8-51%, 14-27% and 12.9-15.4% with SWL, URS and PCNL, respectively.
PMID:37079195 · one of two readings recorded this
stone-free rate (SFR) with PCNL
63 to 80.6%
The reported SFR in studies ranged from 50 to 83%, 59 to 100% and 63 to 80.6%, with a complication rate of 2.8-51%, 14-27% and 12.9-15.4% with SWL, URS and PCNL, respectively.
PMID:37079195 · one of two readings recorded this
Sources cited
3 papers
- Subject
- L-cystine
- Findings
- 4
- Papers
- 3
Blood L-cystine levels positively related to increased risk of hypertension.record2024PMID:394030542 findings
Structure and mechanism of human cystine exporter cystinosin.record2022PMID:361134651 finding
Cystine transporter regulation of pentose phosphate pathway dependency and disulfide stress exposes a targetable metabolic vulnerability in cancer.record2020PMID:322313101 finding
Other names
14 names
Resolves to: L-cystine
- Also called
- (R-(R*,R*))-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid)(R,R)-3,3'-dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid)3,3'-Dithiobis-L-alaninebeta,beta'-diamino-beta,beta'-dicarboxydiethyl disulfidebeta,beta'-dithiodialaninebis(beta-amino-beta-carboxyethyl) disulfidebis(β-amino-β-carboxyethyl) disulfideE921L-alpha-Diamino-beta-dithiolactic acidL-Dicysteineoxidized L-cysteineβ,β'-diamino-β,β'-dicarboxydiethyl disulfideβ,β'-dithiodialanine
- Systematic name
- (2R,2'R)-3,3'-disulfanediylbis(2-aminopropanoic acid)