L-alanine

Three steps

• prostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin D2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin D2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, LDHA, LDHB, LDHC and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• 15-oxo-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  2. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 = (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O
  3. (15S)-15-Hydroxy-5,8,11-cis-13-trans-icosatetraenoate:NADP+ 15-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by MOCOS, TBXAS1, PTGS2, PTGIScytosolOne of 3 routes

• S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamineReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine + putrescine = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + spermidine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, SRMmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• thromboxane A2Reach from here →
  1. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
  3. thromboxane A synthase (prostaglandin H2)

  Catalysed by MOCOS, PTGS1, PTGS2, TBXAS1endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• 7,8-dihydrofolateReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)
  3. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, MTO1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. 5-Formiminotetrahydrofolate:L-glutamate N-formiminotransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SHMT1, FTCDmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• leukotriene A4Reach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and leukotriene A4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, SLCO2A1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• (R)-S-lactoylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, GLO1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• propane-1,3-diamineReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. [eIF5A protein]-L-lysine + spermidine = [eIF5A protein]-deoxyhypusine + propane-1,3-diamine

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, DHPSmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-oxoadipateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. L-2-aminoadipate + glyoxylate = 2-oxoadipate + glycine

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, AADATmitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)
  3. thyroid peroxidase (3-iodo-L-tyrosine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, TPOextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase (palmitoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 8 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• a 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. dihydroxyacetone phosphate + an acyl-CoA = a 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• O-acetyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• beta-D-fructose 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)
  3. alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10, GFPT2 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• S-formylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, ADH1C and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• succinate semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 4-aminobutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = succinate semialdehyde + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC6A12, ABATextracellular space, cytosol

• CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, NPL, CMASmitochondrial matrix, cytosol, nucleusOne of 2 routes

• hypotaurineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase
  3. 3-sulfino-L-alanine + H(+) = hypotaurine + CO2

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CDO1, GADL1, CSADextracellular space, cytosol

• N-sulfo-D-glucosamineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-sulfo-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + sulfate

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SGSHextracellular space, cytosol

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol)Reach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, STSextracellular space, cytosol

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + an acyl-CoA = a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. hydroxypyruvate aldose-ketose-isomerase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXT, HYImitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• IMPReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  2. IMP:L-aspartate ligase (GDP-forming)
  3. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, ADSS2, ADSS1cytosol

• L-cysteateReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)
  3. L-cysteate + H(+) = taurine + CO2

  Catalysed by BAAT, GADL1, CSADmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N(1)-acetylspermineReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. N(1)-acetylspermine + O2 + H2O = 3-acetamidopropanal + spermidine + H2O2

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, PAOXmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• porphobilinogenReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)
  3. 5-aminolevulinate hydro-lyase (adding 5-aminolevulinate and cyclizing

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, ALAS1, ALAS2 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)
  3. phosphoethanolamine + H2O = acetaldehyde + NH4(+) + phosphate

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, ETNPPLextracellular space, cytosol

• adenosine 5'-phosphosulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. ATP:sulfate adenylyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, PAPSS1, PAPSS2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N,N-dimethylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolyl-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) + N,N-dimethylglycine + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + H(+) = (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolyl-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) + sarcosine + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein]

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, PIPOX, DMGDHmitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• N-acetylputrescineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 4-aminobutanalReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter
  3. putrescine + O2 + H2O = 4-aminobutanal + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A7, AOC1extracellular space, cytosol

• L-glutamyl 5-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-ornithine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate
  3. L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + phosphate + NADP(+) = L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + NADPH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, OAT, ALDH18A1extracellular space, cytosol

• (2R)-2-phosphoglycerateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase (phosphoenolpyruvate-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, PKM, PKLR, ENO1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 3-oxosphinganineReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. Palmitoyl-CoA:L-serine C-palmitoyltransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• taurolithocholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and sulfotaurolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, SLCO1A2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 1-hexadecanoylglycerone 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, peroxisome

• (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N6-(L-1,3-Dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)
  3. L-saccharopine + NAD(+) + H2O = (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate + L-glutamate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AASSextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• N(1)-acetylspermidineReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. spermidine + acetyl-CoA = N(1)-acetylspermidine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-aminopropanalReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)
  3. spermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (spermidine-forming)

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, SMOXmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5-oxo-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, CHAC2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• anserineReach from here →
  1. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. beta-alanine + L-histidine + ATP = carnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. carnosine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = anserine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, CARNS1, CARNMT1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-thyroxineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, SLCO1A2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamideReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SHMT1, ATICmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• N(8)-acetylspermidineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = spermidine + acetate

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermineReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion
  3. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion

  No catalyst recordedmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (EPA)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes