L-arginine

Three steps

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC27A2 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• benzoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation
  3. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GLYATextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, ACSM4 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC27A2 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 10 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, CPT1A and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• hexadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GLYATL3extracellular space, cytosol

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC27A2 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 12 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SUCLG1 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC27A2 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 14 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC27A2 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 12 routes

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, CROTextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 21 routes

• phytanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. phytanate-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC27A2 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 15 routes

• prostaglandin E1Reach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E1 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, SLCO2A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin I2Reach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin I2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, SLCO2A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin F2alphaReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin F2alpha (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, SLCO2A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin H2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, SLCO2A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• prostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin D2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, SLCO2A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, GPX5, GPX1 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamineReach from here →
  1. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter
  2. S-adenosylmethioninamine:putrescine 3-aminopropyltransferase
  3. S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine + putrescine = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + spermidine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A7, SRMextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 7,8-dihydrofolateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SHMT1, DHFR, DHFR2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. 5-Formiminotetrahydrofolate:L-glutamate N-formiminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SHMT1, FTCDextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• leukotriene A4Reach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and leukotriene A4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, SLCO2A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (R)-S-lactoylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, GLO1, GLOD4extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• propane-1,3-diamineReach from here →
  1. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter
  2. S-adenosylmethioninamine:putrescine 3-aminopropyltransferase
  3. [eIF5A protein]-L-lysine + spermidine = [eIF5A protein]-deoxyhypusine + propane-1,3-diamine

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A7, SRM, DHPSextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxoadipateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. L-2-aminoadipate + glyoxylate = 2-oxoadipate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AADATextracellular space, cytosol

• 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)
  3. thyroid peroxidase (3-iodo-L-tyrosine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, TPOextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)
  3. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GFPT2, GFPT1, GNPNAT1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMPReach from here →
  1. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  2. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  3. N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP AMP-lyase (fumarate-forming)

  Catalysed by ASL, ADSL, TNRC6BcytosolOne of 4 routes

• biotinReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-lysine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  2. biocytin + H2O = biotin + L-lysine
  3. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC25A29, SLC7A6, BTDinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• O-acetyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bextracellular space, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• beta-D-fructose 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)
  3. alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GFPT2, GFPT1, GNPDA1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• S-formylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, ADH1C, ADH1A and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AGXT2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• succinate semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 4-aminobutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = succinate semialdehyde + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC6A12, ABATextracellular space, cytosol

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, ASAH1 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• hypotaurineReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase
  3. 3-sulfino-L-alanine + H(+) = hypotaurine + CO2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, CDO1, GADL1, CSADextracellular space, cytosol

• N-sulfo-D-glucosamineReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-sulfo-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + sulfate

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SGSHextracellular space, cytosol

• dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, STSextracellular space, cytosol

• N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  2. L-citrulline + L-aspartate + ATP = 2-(N(omega)-L-arginino)succinate + AMP + diphosphate + H(+)
  3. N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + L-aspartate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASL, ASS1, AGAcytosol

• L-cysteateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  3. L-cysteate + H(+) = taurine + CO2

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC6A6, GADL1, CSADextracellular space, cytosol

• N-phosphocreatineReach from here →
  1. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  2. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase
  3. creatine kinase (creatine)

  Catalysed by GATM, GAMT, CKM, CKB and 2 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• N(1)-acetylspermineReach from here →
  1. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter
  2. S-adenosylmethioninamine:putrescine 3-aminopropyltransferase
  3. N(1)-acetylspermine + O2 + H2O = 3-acetamidopropanal + spermidine + H2O2

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A7, SRM, PAOXextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• porphobilinogenReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)
  3. 5-aminolevulinate hydro-lyase (adding 5-aminolevulinate and cyclizing

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, ALAS1, ALAS2, CPNE7 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, NAGSextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)
  3. phosphoethanolamine + H2O = acetaldehyde + NH4(+) + phosphate

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, ETNPPLextracellular space, cytosol

• adenosine 5'-phosphosulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. ATP:sulfate adenylyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, PAPSS1, PAPSS2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N,N-dimethylglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolyl-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) + N,N-dimethylglycine + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + H(+) = (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolyl-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) + sarcosine + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein]

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, PIPOX, DMGDHextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-glutamyl 5-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-Arginine amidinohydrolase
  2. L-ornithine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate
  3. L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + phosphate + NADP(+) = L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + NADPH + H(+)

  Catalysed by ARG1, OAT, ALDH18A1cytosol

• taurolithocholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and sulfotaurolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes