L-arginine

Three steps

• (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  3. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SHMT1, SHMT2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 10-formyltetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SHMT1, MTHFD1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. histamine N-methyltransferase (SAM)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SHMT1, HNMTextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:15650Reach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, ZDHHC11B and 31 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• betaine aldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, CHDHextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• formateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  3. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, IDO1, TDO2, IDO2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:15746Reach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SAT1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• hexadecanoic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• 4-(2-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of 3-Hydroxy-L-Kynurenine
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC7A5, KYAT1, KYAT3 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• malonateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. malonate(in) + sulfate(out) = malonate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxyanthranilic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of 3-Hydroxy-L-Kynurenine
  3. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC7A5, KYNUextracellular space, cytosol

• bromideReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. 2-bromoacetaldehyde:glutathione S-(formylmethyl)transferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, MGST3, GSTA4 and 15 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartic acidReach from here →
  1. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)
  2. Carbamoyl-phosphate:L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase
  3. carbamoyl-phosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase

  Catalysed by NOS3, NOS1, NOS2, OTC and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• keto-D-fructose 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)
  3. D-glucosamine-6-phosphate aminohydrolase (ketol isomerizing)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GFPT2, GFPT1, GNPDA1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• thioredoxin dithiolReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GARS1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 18 routes

• methanethiolReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. methanethiol + O2 + H2O = hydrogen sulfide + formaldehyde + H2O2 + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, CTH, SELENBP1extracellular space, cytosol

• a halide anionReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, GSTT4, GSTA4 and 21 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:16132Reach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)
  3. deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, DERAextracellular space, cytosol

• homogentisateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating,decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GOT2, GOT1, TAT and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate transaminase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AGXT2, ABATextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• succinic semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 4-aminobutanoate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC6A12, ABATextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 11-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, DGAT1 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• cob(II)alaminReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 2 cob(II)alamin + A + 2 H2O + 2 H(+) = 2 aquacob(III)alamin + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, MTRRextracellular space, cytosol

• lithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and lithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of betaine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycine betaine(out) + (R)-carnitine(in) = glycine betaine(in) + (R)-carnitine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC6A12, SLC22A5extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• ubiquinonesReach from here →
  1. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  2. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  3. succinate:quinone oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ASL, SDHD, SDHB, SDHA and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 2-phenylacetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-phenylalanine carboxy-lyase (phenylethylamine-forming)
  3. Phenethylamine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, DDC, AOC2, AOC1 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  2. L-citrulline + L-aspartate + ATP = 2-(N(omega)-L-arginino)succinate + AMP + diphosphate + H(+)
  3. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by ASL, ASS1, GOT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• selaneReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SCLYextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• anthranilateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, KYNUextracellular space, cytosol

• D-alanyl-D-alanineReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Formation of Alanylalanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosol

• (S)-lactateReach from here →
  1. L-Arginine amidinohydrolase
  2. Peroxidase
  3. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by ARG1, MPO, SLC22A12, SLC22A13cytosol, nucleus, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:16668Reach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase
  3. 3-sulfino-L-alanine carboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, CDO1, GAD1, CSADextracellular space, cytosol

• quinolinic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of Quinolinic Acid

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC22A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTPReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. CTP + AH2 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTP + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, RSAD2extracellular space, cytosol

• adenineReach from here →
  1. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter
  2. S-adenosylmethioninamine:putrescine 3-aminopropyltransferase
  3. S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine:phosphate S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribosyl-transferase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A7, SRM, MTAPextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• pyridoxineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. pyridoxine-5'-phosphate phosphohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SCLY, PHOSPHO2, PDXPextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S)-2-hydroxyglutarateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, L2HGDHextracellular space, cytosol

• enol-phenylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Phenylalanine Transaminase, Mitochondrial
  3. 3-phenylpyruvate = enol-phenylpyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GOT2, TAT, MIFextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• formaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase
  3. sarcosine:oxygen oxidoreductase (demethylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GNMT, PIPOX, SARDHextracellular space, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• 3-fumarylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  2. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  3. 3-fumarylpyruvate + H2O = fumarate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASL, FAHD1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• pantetheine 4'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate:L-cysteine ligase
  3. N-[(R)-4'-Phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteine carboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, PPCS, PPCDCextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• trans-1,2-dithiane-4,5-diolReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. selenocysteine lyase (dithiothreitol)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SCLYextracellular space, cytosol

• N-acetyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  2. L-citrulline + L-aspartate + ATP = 2-(N(omega)-L-arginino)succinate + AMP + diphosphate + H(+)
  3. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASL, ASS1, NAT8Lcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• bilirubin IXalphaReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of bilirubin and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• 2-aminoacrylic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)
  3. thyroid peroxidase (3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, TPOextracellular space, cytosol

• taurolithocholateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and taurolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 3-hydroxypyruvateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-serine + pyruvate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AGXT2, AGXTextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17208Reach from here →
  1. L-Arginine amidinohydrolase
  2. Peroxidase
  3. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion

  Catalysed by ARG1, MPOcytosol, nucleusOne of 2 routes