Compound
(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid
The R-enantiomer of 3-hydroxybutyric acid. Involved in the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, it can be used as an energy source by the brain during hypoglycaemia, and for the synthesis of biodegradable plastics. It is a sex pheremone in the European spider Linyphia triangularis.
Definition from ChEBI (CHEBI:17066), read 2026-09-23. CC BY 4.0.
Structure
The R-enantiomer of 3-hydroxybutyric acid. Involved in the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, it can be used as an energy source by the brain during hypoglycaemia, and for the synthesis of biodegradable plastics. It is a sex pheremone in the European spider Linyphia triangularis.
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- Class
- Organic compound
- Formula
- C4H8O3
- Mass
- 104.105 g/mol
- Charge
- 0
- InChIKey
- WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-GSVOUGTGSA-N
- SMILES
- C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O
- Look it up
- ChEBIPubChemBy InChIKey
Identity from ChEBI, geometry from PubChem. Not evidence.
What it touches on the way
Mechanistic reach
6 entities
6 entities reached.
0 reported hops6 assembled from the scaffold
- SLC16A1ProteinUNIPROT:P53985transported byInferred only300 paths25 endpoints
- SLC16A7ProteinUNIPROT:O60669transported byInferred only66 paths6 endpoints
- SLC16A3ProteinUNIPROT:O15427transported byInferred only28 paths7 endpoints
- BDH1ProteinUNIPROT:Q02338substrate ofInferred only20 paths10 endpoints
- BDH2ProteinUNIPROT:Q9BUT1substrate ofInferred only8 paths4 endpoints
- SLC16A8ProteinUNIPROT:O95907transported byInferred only4 paths1 endpoint
What the reference databases state
Statements
64 statements
64 statements · 2 reference databases · Subject: (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid · Sources: Human-GEM, Rhea
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is converted to acetoacetateCompoundHuman-GEM MAR04461Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is converted to acetoacetateCompoundRhea RHEA:20521Inferred only
- acetoacetate is converted to (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acidCompoundHuman-GEM MAR04461Inferred only
- acetoacetate is converted to (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acidCompoundRhea RHEA:20521Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is a substrate of BDH1ProteinRhea RHEA:20521Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is a substrate of BDH1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR04461Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is a substrate of BDH2ProteinRhea RHEA:20521Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is a substrate of BDH2ProteinHuman-GEM MAR04461Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06050Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06053Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06021Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR05016Inferred only
Show the remaining 52
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06029Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A1ProteinRhea RHEA:71795Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06036Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06054Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06041Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06045Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR05018Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06047Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A3ProteinHuman-GEM MAR05018Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A3ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06054Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A3ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06021Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A3ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06052Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A4ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06041Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A4ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06021Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A4ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06029Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A4ProteinHuman-GEM MAR05018Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A4ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06050Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A4ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06036Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A4ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06047Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A4ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06045Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A4ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06052Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A4ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06053Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A4ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06054Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A5ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06054Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A5ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06045Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A5ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06050Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A5ProteinHuman-GEM MAR05018Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A5ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06047Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A5ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06041Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A5ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06029Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A5ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06021Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A5ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06052Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A5ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06053Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A5ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06036Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A6ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06029Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A6ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06054Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A7ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06041Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A7ProteinHuman-GEM MAR05018Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A7ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06021Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A7ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06029Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A7ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06036Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A7ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06045Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A7ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06047Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A7ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06050Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A7ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06052Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A7ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06054Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A7ProteinRhea RHEA:71795Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A8ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06021Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A8ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06047Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A8ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06050Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A8ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06053Inferred only
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC5A8ProteinRhea RHEA:72959Inferred only
Reactions
24 reactions
(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid+NAD(+)acetoacetate+proton+NADH(2-)
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedEC 1.1.1.30mitochondrial matrix
Human-GEM MAR04461CC BY 4.0Reference data
(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid+proton(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid+proton
Reaction pageLeft to rightBalancedmitochondrial matrix, mitochondrial intermembrane space, cytosol
Human-GEM MAR05015CC BY 4.0Reference data
(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid+proton(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid+proton
Transported by SLC16A1
Reaction pageLeft to rightBalancedcytosol, mitochondrial matrix
Human-GEM MAR05016CC BY 4.0Reference data
(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid+proton(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid+proton
Transported by SLC16A7 or SLC16A3 or SLC16A1 or SLC16A4 or SLC16A5
Reaction pageLeft to rightBalancedextracellular space, cytosol
Human-GEM MAR05018CC BY 4.0Reference data
(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid+pyruvate(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid+pyruvate
Transported by SLC16A8 or SLC16A7 or SLC16A3 or SLC16A1 or SLC16A4 or SLC16A5
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedcytosol, extracellular space
Human-GEM MAR06021CC BY 4.0Reference data
(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid+2-oxoglutarate(2-)(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid+2-oxoglutarate(2-)
Transported by SLC16A6 or SLC16A7 or SLC16A1 or SLC16A4 or SLC16A5
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedcytosol, extracellular space
Human-GEM MAR06029CC BY 4.0Reference data
(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid+acetate(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid+acetate
Transported by SLC16A7 or SLC16A1 or SLC16A4 or SLC16A5
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedcytosol, extracellular space
Human-GEM MAR06036CC BY 4.0Reference data
(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid+formic acid(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid+formic acid
Transported by SLC16A7 or SLC16A1 or SLC16A4 or SLC16A5
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedcytosol, extracellular space
Human-GEM MAR06041CC BY 4.0Reference data
(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid+propionic acid(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid+propionic acid
Transported by SLC16A7 or SLC16A1 or SLC16A4 or SLC16A5
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedcytosol, extracellular space
Human-GEM MAR06045CC BY 4.0Reference data
(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid+acetoacetate(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid+acetoacetate
Transported by SLC16A8 or SLC16A7 or SLC16A1 or SLC16A4 or SLC16A5
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedcytosol, extracellular space
Human-GEM MAR06047CC BY 4.0Reference data
(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid+(S)-lactic acid(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid+(S)-lactic acid
Transported by SLC16A8 or SLC16A7 or SLC16A1 or SLC16A4 or SLC16A5
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedcytosol, extracellular space
Human-GEM MAR06050CC BY 4.0Reference data
(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid+butyric acid(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid+butyric acid
Transported by SLC16A7 or SLC16A3 or SLC16A4 or SLC16A5
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedcytosol, extracellular space
Human-GEM MAR06052CC BY 4.0Reference data
Where it reaches
9 systems, 17 regions, 34 tissues, 34 transporter routes — routes, not measurements: transporters known to carry (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid are expressed there, and no source reports it arriving.
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Papers screened
211 papers
- Compound
- (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid
- Screened
- 211
- Admitted
- 0
- Discarded
- 8
- Not read
- 203
- Showing
- 200 of 211
Discarded: the wrong intervention5 papers
and 5 more.
Discarded: another reason, stated per paper3 papers
and 3 more.
Not read yet203 papers
- PMID:111742312026-09-29
- PMID:114762602026-09-29
- PMID:128271152026-09-29
- PMID:153591972026-09-29
- PMID:153772402026-09-29
- PMID:15748802026-09-29
- PMID:159154042026-09-29
- PMID:159193902026-09-29
- PMID:161344742026-09-29
- PMID:161434552026-09-29
- PMID:162234752026-09-29
- PMID:164312312026-09-29
and 191 more.
Other names
16 names
Resolves to: (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid
- Also called
- (-)-3-Hydroxy-n-butyric acid(-)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid(R)-(-)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid(R)-(-)-beta-hydroxybutyric acid(R)-(-)-β-hydroxybutyric acid(R)-3-(R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid(R)-beta-Hydroxybutanoic acid(R)-beta-Hydroxybutyric acid3-D-hydroxybutyric acid3R-hydroxy-butanoic acidButanoic acid, 3-hydroxy-, (R)-Butyric acid, 3-hydroxy-, D-(-)-D-3-hydroxybutyric acidFA 4:0;O
- Systematic name
- (3R)-3-hydroxybutanoic acid