L-aspartate

Three steps

• 3-hydroxypyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. L-serine + pyruvate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by GOT2, FAHD1, AGXTmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S)-4-hydroxymandelateReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tyrosine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  2. L-tyrosine + 2-oxoglutarate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + L-glutamate
  3. 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + O2 = (S)-4-hydroxymandelate + CO2

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, TAT, HPDLinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-glutamic 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Ornithine:2-oxo-acid aminotransferase

  Catalysed by ASNS, SLC7A6, OATcytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• S-(4,8-dimethylnonanoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Dimethyl Nonanoyl Transferase, Revsible, Peroxisomal
  3. 4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoA + H2O = S-(4,8-dimethylnonanoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, CRAT, CROT, NUDT19mitochondrial matrix, peroxisome

• S-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (linolenate)
  3. (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoA + H2O = S-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• S-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + H2O = S-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• S-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)
  3. (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + H2O = S-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• itaconateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SUCLG1, SUCLG2, SUCLA2mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• N-octadecanoyl-heptadecasphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. heptadecasphing-4-enine + octadecanoyl-CoA = N-octadecanoyl-heptadecasphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 17alpha-hydroxyprogesteroneReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ASPA, ACY3, CYP17A1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• estroneReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. estrone 3-sulfate + H2O = estrone + sulfate + H(+)
  3. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, STSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• propanoateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)
  3. propanoate(out) + dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) = propanoate(in) + dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, STS, SLC22A9inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• aceneuramateReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. aceneuramate = aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by GOT2, FAHD1, NPLmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 5'-deoxyadenosineReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O

  Catalysed by GOT2, FAHD1, TYW1B, TYW1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• all-trans-retinolReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. all-trans-Retinol 11-cis-trans-isomerase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• linoleic acidReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by NAT8L, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• agmatineReach from here →
  1. L-Citrulline:L-aspartate ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  3. L-arginine carboxy-lyase (agmatine-forming)

  Catalysed by ASS1, ASLcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 1-(alk-1-enyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-alkenylglycerophosphoethanolamine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• enol-oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. (S)-malate + a quinone = enol-oxaloacetate + a quinol

  Catalysed by GOT2, SDHB, SDHAmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 14 routes

• 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+)Reach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase (11-Cis)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• S-methyl-5'-thioadenosineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. S-adenosylmethioninamine:spermidine 3-aminopropyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SAT1, SAT2, SRM and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5-aminolevulinic acidReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by ASNS, ALAS1, ALAS2, CPNE7cytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• inosineReach from here →
  1. IMP:L-aspartate ligase (GDP-forming)
  2. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  3. IMP + H2O = inosine + phosphate

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, NT5E, NT5C2 and 2 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfate + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine sulfate + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, CDKAL1, DIO1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. Steryl-Sulfatase
  3. Steryl-Sulfatase

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, STSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, Golgi apparatusOne of 5 routes

• N-acetylserotoninReach from here →
  1. transport of aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, SLC1A1 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• glycine betaineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. Transport of L-Asparagine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. transport of betaine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ASNS, SLC6A14, SLC6A12cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• 4-methylumbelliferyl acetateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  3. 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate + H2O = 4-methylumbelliferone + acetate + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ASPA, ACY3, CES2 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• CHEBI:17769Reach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. spermidine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SAT1, SAT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• trans-urocanateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming)

  Catalysed by ASNS, SLC7A6, HALcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• urateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, SLC25A35, SLC25A34 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerolReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 2-acylglycerol + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• a triacylglycerolReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• butanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. butanoyl-CoA + H2O = butanoate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 9 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• thiocyanateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. thiosulfate(in) + sulfate(out) = thiosulfate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtranserase

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, SLC26A1, SLC25A10 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 4-fumarylacetoacetateReach from here →
  1. L-Citrulline:L-aspartate ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  3. 4-fumarylacetoacetate + H2O = acetoacetate + fumarate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASS1, ASL, FAHcytosol

• dTDPReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by GOT2, FAHD1, PKM, PKLRmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• dTTPReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. GTP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (adding GTP
  3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by GOT2, PCK1, PKM, PKLRmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• indole-3-acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tryptophan(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  2. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase
  3. Tryptamine:oxygen oxidoreductase(deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, DDC, AOC1, MAOA and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• spermine monoaldehydeReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)
  3. primary-amine oxidase (spermine)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SAT1, SAT2, AOC2 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• O-octanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. solute carrier (L-carnitine)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• CHEBI:18132Reach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. ATP:choline phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, CHAT, CHKA, CHKBmitochondrial matrix, nucleus, cytosol

• CHEBI:18183Reach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase ((5-L-glutamyl)-L-amino acid)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• thioredoxin disulfideReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  3. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate:oxydized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by DARS1, TXN, RRM1, RRM2 and 2 morecytosolOne of 12 routes

• N-carbamoyl-beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. Transport of L-Asparagine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. Transport of 3-Ureidopropionate

  Catalysed by ASNS, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• dodecanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)
  3. Lauroyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 9 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5-Phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by ASNS, GARTcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• N-(4-aminobutyl)-3-aminopropanalReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. primary-amine oxidase (spermidine)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SAT1, SAT2, AOC2 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes