hydrogen sulfide

Three steps

• oleoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. Transport of octadecenoyl-CoA into Mitochondrial Matrix

  Catalysed by CBS, NAGS, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• phenylacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. Phenylacetate:CoA ligase

  Catalysed by CBS, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• propionyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. Propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by CBS, NAGS, ACSS3, ACSS2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 43 routes

• CHEBI:15570Reach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:15611Reach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 15(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by TSTD1, GPX5, GPX1, GPX2 and 6 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15650Reach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion

  Catalysed by CBS, NAGS, ZDHHC11B, NAA10 and 30 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• betaine aldehydeReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2

  Catalysed by CBS, MOCOS, CHDHcytosol

• trimethylenediamineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. deoxyhypusine synthase (1,3-diaminopropane)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A6, DHPScytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:15727Reach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)

  Catalysed by CBS, NAGS, NAA10cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• formateReach from here →
  1. methanethiol + O2 + H2O = hydrogen sulfide + formaldehyde + H2O2 + H(+)
  2. methanethiol + O2 + H2O = hydrogen sulfide + formaldehyde + H2O2 + H(+)
  3. formaldehyde + NAD(+) + H2O = formate + NADH + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SELENBP1, ALDH9A1One of 4 routes

• CHEBI:15746Reach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)

  Catalysed by CBS, NAGS, SAT1, SAT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• nicotinic acid D-ribonucleotideReach from here →
  1. hydrogen sulfide + 2 O2 = sulfate + H(+)
  2. Transport of Quinolinic Acid
  3. Nicotinate-nucleotide:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase (carboxylating)

  Catalysed by SOD1, SLC22A6, QPRTextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:15765Reach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A5, THcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• bromideReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. 2-bromoacetaldehyde:glutathione S-(formylmethyl)transferase

  Catalysed by CBS, MGST3, GSTA4, GSTA1 and 14 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartic acidReach from here →
  1. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol
  2. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol
  3. (S)-dihydroorotate amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SQOR, DHODH, CADcytosolOne of 2 routes

• alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular space

• beta-nicotinamide D-ribosideReach from here →
  1. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol
  2. a quinol + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c](out) = a quinone + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c](out) + 2 H(+)(out)
  3. 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone + H(+) = beta-nicotinamide D-riboside + a quinol

  Catalysed by SQOR, CYC1, UQCRFS1, NQO2outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• thioredoxin dithiolReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation

  Catalysed by CBS, CARS1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (R)-lactateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. (R)-S-lactoylglutathione = methylglyoxal + glutathione
  3. (R)-S-lactoylglutathione + H2O = (R)-lactate + glutathione + H(+)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, GLO1, HAGH

• androsteroneReach from here →
  1. hydrogen sulfide + 2 O2 = sulfate + H(+)
  2. steroid sulfatase (androsterone sulfate)
  3. steroid sulfatase (androsterone sulfate)

  Catalysed by SOD1, STScytosolOne of 3 routes

• ureaReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of arginine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Arginine amidinohydrolase

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A6, ARG1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• dimethylarsinateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O
  3. methylarsonous acid + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = dimethylarsinate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, GSTO1, GSTO2, HEMK2

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoic acidReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by CBS, CTH, AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 11-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CBS, NAGS, DGAT1, LRAT and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (R)-3-aminoisobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A5, AGXT2cytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• lithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of GSH and lithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-oneReach from here →
  1. hydrogen sulfide + 2 O2 = sulfate + H(+)
  2. steroid sulfatase (5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone)
  3. steroid sulfatase (5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone)

  Catalysed by SOD1, STScytosolOne of 3 routes

• iodideReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A5, TPOcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• ubiquinonesReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. transport of fumarate and thiosulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. succinate:quinone oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SLC25A10, SDHD, SDHB and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. Pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by CBS, CTH, PCcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 16 routes

• nitric oxideReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of arginine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A6, NOS3, NOS1 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:16523Reach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A6, ACY1cytosol, extracellular space

• 2-phenylacetamideReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-phenylalanine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A5, EPXcytosol, extracellular space

• pregnenoloneReach from here →
  1. hydrogen sulfide + 2 O2 = sulfate + H(+)
  2. Steryl-Sulfatase
  3. Pregnenolone-sulfate sulfohydrolase

  Catalysed by SOD1, STSGolgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:16633Reach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A5, SCLYcytosol, extracellular space

• Met-tRNA(Met)Reach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A5, MARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• (S)-lactateReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by CBS, CTH, LDHA, LDHB and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:16668Reach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. L-Cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase
  3. 3-sulfino-L-alanine carboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by CBS, CDO1, GAD1, CSADcytosol

• taurochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. taurochenodeoxycholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurochenodeoxycholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. taurochenodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = taurochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, ABCC4, SULT2A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A5, AADATcytosol, extracellular space

• orotic acidReach from here →
  1. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol
  2. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol
  3. (S)-dihydroorotate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SQOR, DHODHcytosol

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A5, CNDP2cytosol, extracellular space

• 2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by CBS, CTH, AGXT2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• tryptamineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A5, DDCcytosol, extracellular space

• 2-oxoglutaramateReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by CBS, CTH, KYAT1cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 3-fumarylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. 3-fumarylpyruvate + H2O = fumarate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CBS, CTH, FAHD1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• pantetheine 4'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate:L-cysteine ligase
  3. N-[(R)-4'-Phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteine carboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by CBS, PPCS, PPCDCcytosolOne of 2 routes