pyruvate

Three steps

• glycyldehydrophenylalanineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXT, DPEP1mitochondrial matrix

• 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + L-glutamine + ATP + H2O = 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + L-glutamate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• kinetensinReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Chymase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, CMA1mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• an alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-[alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->6)]-D-GlcNAc derivativeReach from here →
  1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. an alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-D-GlcNAc derivative + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = an alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-[alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->6)]-D-GlcNAc derivative + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST6GALNAC3, ST6GALNAC4cytosol, nucleus

• an N-(fatty acyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXT, GLYATL2mitochondrial matrix

• N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXT, GLYATL2mitochondrial matrix

• (7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase ((7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• cholineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CHATmitochondrial matrix, nucleusOne of 2 routes

• 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase(5-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15380Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)
  3. (R)-Methylmalonyl-CoA CoA-carbonylmutase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, ALDH6A1, MMUTmitochondrial matrixOne of 9 routes

• CHEBI:15467Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by AACS, HMGCS1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15477Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 2-methylcrotonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Production of Tiglylcarnitine

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CPT1A, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• isobutyryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxo-4-methyl-pentanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBmitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. glycine-N-acyltransferase (3-methylcrotonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GLYATmitochondrial matrix

• isovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (isovalerylglycine)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• arachidonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Arachidonate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• CHEBI:15519Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5Bmitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• palmitoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• oleoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Transport of octadecenoyl-CoA into Mitochondrial Matrix

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• phenylacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Phenylacetate:CoA ligase

  Catalysed by AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• D-threo-isocitrateReach from here →
  1. Pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. citrate = D-threo-isocitrate

  Catalysed by PC, CS, ACO1, ACO2mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15611Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXT, GNMTmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->6)]-N-acetyl-D-galactosamineReach from here →
  1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->6)]-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST6GALNAC4cytosol, nucleus

• (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15650Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion

  Catalysed by AGXT2, ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2 and 29 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• trans-aconitateReach from here →
  1. Pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. trans-aconitate(in) + citrate(out) = trans-aconitate(out) + citrate(in)

  Catalysed by PC, CS, SLC25A1mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• trimethylenediamineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. deoxyhypusine synthase (1,3-diaminopropane)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A6, DHPSmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:15727Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, NAA10mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15746Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SAT1, SAT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15765Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, THmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (R)-2-hydroxyglutarateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acetoacetate
  3. AKG[m] + (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate[m] = acetoacetate[m] + (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate[m]

  Catalysed by ADHFE1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartic acidReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. carbamoyl-phosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CADmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• keto-D-fructose 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. deoxythymidylate kinase (dADP)
  3. dATP:D-fructose 6-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, DTYMK, HK1 and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• thioredoxin dithiolReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AARS1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• ferricytochrome cReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  3. 13(S)-HPODE to 13-oxy-radical-octadecadienoate conversion

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, CYB5D1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• methanethiolReach from here →
  1. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. methanethiol + O2 + H2O = hydrogen sulfide + formaldehyde + H2O2 + H(+)

  Catalysed by MPST, SELENBP1

• 11-cis-retinalReach from here →
  1. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. retinoate reduction
  3. all-trans-Retinal 11-cis-trans-isomerase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• ureaReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Arginine amidinohydrolase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A6, ARG1mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• 11-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• cob(II)alaminReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 2 cob(II)alamin + A + 2 H2O + 2 H(+) = 2 aquacob(III)alamin + AH2

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, MTRRmitochondrial matrix

• iodideReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, TPOmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 25 routes

• cis-aconitateReach from here →
  1. Pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. cis-aconitate(in) + citrate(out) = cis-aconitate(out) + citrate(in)

  Catalysed by PC, CS, SLC25A1mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• ubiquinonesReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  2. (S)-malate hydro-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  3. succinate:quinone oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ME2, FH, SDHD, SDHB and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (17R,20S)-17,20-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-oneReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)
  3. (17R,20S)-17,20-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one + NAD(+) = 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• androst-4-ene-3,17-dioneReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 5 routes

• nitric oxideReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A6, NOS3, NOS1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• selaneReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SCLYmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes