L-alanine

Two steps

• isobutyryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxo-4-methyl-pentanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBmitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. glycine-N-acyltransferase (3-methylcrotonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by GLYATmitochondrial matrix

• isovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (isovalerylglycine)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• arachidonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. Arachidonate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• CHEBI:15519Reach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5Bmitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• palmitoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• oleoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. Transport of octadecenoyl-CoA into Mitochondrial Matrix

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• phenylacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. Phenylacetate:CoA ligase

  No catalyst recordedmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• propionyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. Propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ACSS3, ACSS2, ACSS1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 43 routes

• (S)-malateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH

  Catalysed by AGXT2, ME2mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15611Reach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GNMTmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15650Reach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion

  Catalysed by ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2, ESCO1 and 28 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• trimethylenediamineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. deoxyhypusine synthase (1,3-diaminopropane)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, DHPSextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:15727Reach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)

  Catalysed by NAA10mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15746Reach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15765Reach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, THextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartic acidReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  2. carbamoyl-phosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CADcytosol

• alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10, GFPT2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• thioredoxin dithiolReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation

  Catalysed by AARS1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• ureaReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Arginine amidinohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, ARG1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoic acidReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate transaminase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, ABATmitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 11-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1, AWAT2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• cob(II)alaminReach from here →
  1. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  2. 2 cob(II)alamin + A + 2 H2O + 2 H(+) = 2 aquacob(III)alamin + AH2

  Catalysed by MOCOS, MTRR

• iodideReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, TPOextracellular space, cytosolOne of 25 routes

• oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. Pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, PCmitochondrial matrixOne of 9 routes

• nitric oxideReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, NOS3, NOS1, NOS2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• selaneReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by SCLYcytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:16523Reach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, ACY1extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-phenylacetamideReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-phenylalanine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, EPXextracellular space, cytosol

• anthranilateReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by KYNU

• D-alanyl-D-alanineReach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. Formation of Alanylalanine

  No catalyst recordedcytosol

• Met-tRNA(Met)Reach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, MARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• (S)-lactateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, LDHA, LDHB, LDHC and 2 moremitochondrial matrix

• 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTPReach from here →
  1. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  2. CTP + AH2 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTP + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by MOCOS, RSAD2

• pyridoxineReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  2. pyridoxine-5'-phosphate phosphohydrolase

  Catalysed by SCLY, PHOSPHO2, PDXPcytosolOne of 2 routes

• 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AADATextracellular space, cytosol

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CNDP2extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by AGXT2mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• tryptamineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, DDCextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxoglutaramateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, KYAT1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (S)-2-hydroxyglutarateReach from here →
  1. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  2. (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2

  Catalysed by MOCOS, L2HGDH

• 3-fumarylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. 3-fumarylpyruvate + H2O = fumarate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, FAHD1mitochondrial matrix

• CHEBI:16856Reach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSSmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• glyoxylic acidReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, DAOmitochondrial matrix, peroxisome

• trans-1,2-dithiane-4,5-diolReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  2. selenocysteine lyase (dithiothreitol)

  Catalysed by SCLYcytosol

• N-acetyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, NAT8Lmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• oxalic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6extracellular space, cytosol