CHEBI:16856

Three steps

• phenylacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and leukotriene E4 (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion
  3. Phenylacetate:CoA ligase

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1, ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2 and 29 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• propionyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and leukotriene E4 (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion
  3. Propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1, ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2 and 32 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 45 routes

• CHEBI:15570Reach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 synthase (GSH)
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LTC4S, SLC3A2, SLC7A10cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• (S)-malateReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. transport of malate and thiosulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 7 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 10 routes

• CHEBI:15611Reach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 synthase (GSH)
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by LTC4S, GNMTcytosolOne of 4 routes

• 10-formyltetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 4 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. Formation of Homocystine
  2. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:L-homocysteine S-methyltransferase
  3. histamine N-methyltransferase (SAM)

  Catalysed by MTR, HNMTcytosol

• (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• S-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + ATP + CoA = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + H2O = S-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 8 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• betaine aldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2
  3. choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, DIO1, DIO3 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• trimethylenediamineReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of cysteine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. deoxyhypusine synthase (1,3-diaminopropane)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, DHPScytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:15727Reach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and leukotriene E4 (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion
  3. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1, ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2 and 29 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15746Reach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and leukotriene E4 (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1, ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2 and 31 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• hexadecanoic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  No catalyst recordedextracellular space, cytosolOne of 14 routes

• CHEBI:15765Reach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of cysteine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, THcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• malonateReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and sulfoglycolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. steroid sulfatase (sulfoglycolithocholate)
  3. malonate(in) + sulfate(out) = malonate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, STS, SLC25A14 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of cysteine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10, GFPT2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• thioredoxin dithiolReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation

  Catalysed by CARS1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• methanethiolReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  3. methanethiol + O2 + H2O = hydrogen sulfide + formaldehyde + H2O2 + H(+)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• a halide anionReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  3. RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 29 morecytosol

• ureaReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by MPOcytosol, nucleusOne of 6 routes

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoic acidReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by CTH, AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 11-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and leukotriene E4 (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion
  3. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1, ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2 and 34 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (R)-3-aminoisobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. glutathione gamma-glutamylaminopeptidase
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. solute carrier organic anion transporter (glycocholate)
  2. glycocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = glycocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC22A24, SLC22A8extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2
  3. (R)-malate + A = oxaloacetate + AH2

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, DIO1, DIO3 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• nitric oxideReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of arginine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, NOS3, NOS1, NOS2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:16523Reach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 synthase (GSH)
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LTC4S, SLC3A2, SLC7A10cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  3. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, BCHE, ACHE and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-phenylacetamideReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of cysteine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-phenylalanine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, EPXcytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:16633Reach from here →
  1. glutathione gamma-glutamylaminopeptidase
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 3 morecytosol

• Met-tRNA(Met)Reach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, MARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:16668Reach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. L-Cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase
  3. 3-sulfino-L-alanine carboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by CDO1, GAD1, CSADcytosol

• quinolinic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and sulfoglycolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. steroid sulfatase (sulfoglycolithocholate)
  3. Transport of Quinolinic Acid

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, STS, SLC22A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AADATcytosol, extracellular space

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. prostaglandin E2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  3. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO2A1, CNDP2extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by CTH, AGXT2cytosolOne of 4 routes

• tryptamineReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, DDCcytosol, extracellular space

• 2-oxoglutaramateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by CTH, KYAT1cytosolOne of 5 routes

• melatoninReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  3. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine:N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, AANAT, ASMTextracellular space, cytosol

• 3-fumarylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. 3-fumarylpyruvate + H2O = fumarate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CTH, FAHD1cytosol

• pantetheine 4'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate:L-cysteine ligase
  3. N-[(R)-4'-Phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteine carboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by PPCS, PPCDCcytosolOne of 2 routes

• glyoxylic acidReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 synthase (GSH)
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by LTC4S, DAOcytosol, peroxisome

• ferrocytochrome cReach from here →
  1. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)
  2. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione hydrolase
  3. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GLO1, GLOD4, HAGH, HAGHL and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• oxalic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and sulfoglycolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. steroid sulfatase (sulfoglycolithocholate)
  3. transport of oxalate and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, STS, SLC26A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• propane-1,2-diolReach from here →
  1. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)
  2. (R)-Lactaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase (glutathione-formylating)
  3. aldose reductase (D-lactaldehyde)

  Catalysed by GLO1, GLOD4, ADH1C, ADH1A and 8 morecytosol

• (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  3. transport of (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate and acetate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, BCHE, ACHE and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• 3-hydroxypyruvateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. L-serine + pyruvate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by CTH, AGXTcytosol

• L-glutamic 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Ornithine:2-oxo-acid aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, OATcytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• itaconateReach from here →
  1. solute carrier organic anion transporter (glycocholate)
  2. glycocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = glycocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. itaconate + glutaryl-CoA = itaconyl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC22A24, SUGCTextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane