taurine

Three steps

• acetylcholineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, CHATperoxisome, nucleus, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• pyruvateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, AGXT2peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 23 routes

• all-trans-retinoic acidReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of formate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC26A4, SLC16A4, SLC16A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-phenylalanine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase(4-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, PAHextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15467Reach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by BAAT, AACS, HMGCS1peroxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15570Reach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by BAAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 2 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (S)-malateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)
  3. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACLYperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 9 routes

• CHEBI:15611Reach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 15(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  2. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 = (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O
  3. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by MTO1, TBXAS1, PTGS2, PTGIS and 9 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  2. (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NADP(+) = 7,8-dihydrofolate + NADPH + H(+)
  3. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine

  Catalysed by MTO1, DHFR, DHFR2, SHMT1 and 1 moreOne of 2 routes

• 10-formyltetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC26A4, MTHFD1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  2. 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. histamine N-methyltransferase (SAM)

  Catalysed by MTO1, DHFR, DHFR2, HNMTcytosol

• (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, PAHextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• betaine aldehydeReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. choline dehydrogenase (choline)

  Catalysed by BAAT, CHAT, CHDHperoxisome, nucleus, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• trimethylenediamineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. deoxyhypusine synthase (1,3-diaminopropane)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SAT1, SAT2, DHPSperoxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• hexadecanoic acidReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bperoxisome, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:15765Reach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. Transport of L-Tyrosine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-Tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, THextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• malonateReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. malonate(in) + sulfate(out) = malonate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. Acyl-CoA:glycerone-phosphate O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 2 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• bromideReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)
  3. 2-bromoacetaldehyde:glutathione S-(formylmethyl)transferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, MGST3 and 16 moreperoxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. Transport of L-Glutamine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, GFPT2, GFPT1extracellular space, cytosol

• phosphatidylethanolamineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 6 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• a halide anionReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, ABCC4, GSTT4, GSTA4 and 21 moreperoxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 11-cis-retinalReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. 11-cis-retinol:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by BAAT, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 9 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+)Reach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 5 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• hexadecan-1-olReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. formate dehydrogenase (palmitoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• selenophosphateReach from here →
  1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  2. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  3. hydrogenselenide + ATP + H2O = selenophosphate + AMP + phosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by MTO1, SCLY, SEPHS1, SEPHS2

• 11-cis-retinyl hexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 10 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• succinic semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 4-aminobutanoate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A12, ABATextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-cystineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC7A9, SLC3A1peroxisome, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• nitriteReach from here →
  1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  2. 2 nitrite + AH2 + 2 H(+) = 2 nitric oxide + A + 2 H2O
  3. 4 nitric oxide + O2 + 2 H2O = 4 nitrite + 4 H(+)

  Catalysed by MTO1, SUOX, CP

• (R)-3-aminoisobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, AGXT2peroxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• lithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)
  3. transport of GSH and lithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• phosphatidic acidReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 2-O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 10 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• (R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC22A24, SLC22A8peroxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:16523Reach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by BAAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 2 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• protein polypeptide chainReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. PROTEIN_BS

  Catalysed by BAAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1peroxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 17 routes

• 2-phenylacetamideReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-phenylalanine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, EPXextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:16633Reach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SCLYperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• Met-tRNA(Met)Reach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by BAAT, NAGS, MARS1peroxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (S)-lactateReach from here →
  1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
  3. prostaglandin H2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin H2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by MTO1, PTGS1, PTGS2, SLCO2A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• quinolinic acidReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of Quinolinic Acid

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC26A6, SLC22A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• cyanamideReach from here →
  1. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine
  2. taurocyamine + H2O = urea + taurine
  3. urea = cyanamide + H2O

  Catalysed by GATM, AGMAT, CA1, CA2

• 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by BAAT, NAGS, AADATperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, CNDP2extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)
  3. L-cystathionine cysteine-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by BAAT, NAGS, CTHperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• tryptamineReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, DDCextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxoglutaramateReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. Transport of L-Glutamine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, KYAT1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• formaldehydeReach from here →
  1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
  3. N(6),N(6)-dimethyl-L-lysyl(4)-[histone H3] + 2 A + 2 H2O = L-lysyl(4)-[histone H3] + 2 formaldehyde + 2 AH2

  Catalysed by MTO1, AIFM1, PYROXD1, KDM1A and 1 moreOne of 3 routes

• pantetheine 4'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)
  3. Dephospho-CoA nucleotidohydrolase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACP2, ENPP3, ENPP1peroxisome, lysosome, cytosolOne of 2 routes