AH2

Three steps

• N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acidReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)

  Catalysed by SCLY, AGXT2, NPLmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-oneReach from here →
  1. N(6)-dimethylallyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-dimethylallyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  2. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  3. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + formate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by CDK5RAP1, AADAT, ADI1

• S(8)-aminomethyldihydrolipoamideReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase ([protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine)

  Catalysed by SCLY, AGXT, AGXT2, GLDC and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• taurineReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by SCLY, BAATmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• a 3-acylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SCLY, AGXT2, FAHD1mitochondrial matrix

• a (3S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + A = a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + AH2
  2. a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + O2 = a (2E)-enoyl-CoA + H2O2
  3. a (3S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA = a (2E)-enoyl-CoA + H2O

  Catalysed by ACAD10, ACOX3, ACOX1, ACOX2 and 3 more

• a (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + A = a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + AH2
  2. a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + O2 = a (2E)-enoyl-CoA + H2O2
  3. a (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA = a (2E)-enoyl-CoA + H2O

  Catalysed by ACAD10, ACOX3, ACOX1, ACOX2 and 1 more

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by SCLY, ALDH6A1mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by SCLYmitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by SCLY, ACP2mitochondrial matrix, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by SCLYmitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SCLY, ACAA1, MYO5Bmitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by SCLY, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SCLY, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by SCLY, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by SCLY, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by SCLY, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by SCLY, SUCLG1, SUCLG2, SUCLA2mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by SCLY, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 13 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by SCLY, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SCLY, CROTmitochondrial matrixOne of 20 routes

• phytanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. phytanate-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by SCLYmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)

  Catalysed by SCLY, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 15 routes

• 15-oxoprostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
  2. prostaglandin E synthase (prostaglandin H2)
  3. prostaglandin E2 + NAD(+) = 15-oxoprostaglandin E2 + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by PTGS1, PTGS2, PTGES, PTGES3 and 2 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 15-oxoprostaglandin E1Reach from here →
  1. prostaglandin G1 + AH2 = prostaglandin H1 + A + H2O
  2. prostaglandin-E synthase (prostaglandin E1)
  3. (13E)-(15S)-11alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate:NADP+ 15-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by PTGS2, PTGES, PTGES3, PTGES2 and 3 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• 15-oxoprostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
  2. prostaglandin-D synthase (prostaglandin H2)
  3. 15-dehydro-prostaglandin D2 reduction

  Catalysed by PTGS1, PTGS2, HPGDS, PTGDScytosolOne of 2 routes

• sarcosineReach from here →
  1. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
  2. N(6),N(6)-dimethyl-L-lysyl(4)-[histone H3] + 2 A + 2 H2O = L-lysyl(4)-[histone H3] + 2 formaldehyde + 2 AH2
  3. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2

  Catalysed by AIFM1, PYROXD1, KDM1A, KDM1B and 1 moreOne of 3 routes

• (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
  2. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NADP(+) = 7,8-dihydrofolate + NADPH + H(+)

  Catalysed by AIFM1, PYROXD1, MTO1, DHFR and 1 moreOne of 3 routes

• leukotriene A4Reach from here →
  1. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2
  2. transport of GSH and triiodothyronine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of GSH and leukotriene A4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DIO1, DIO2, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 2-(N(omega)-L-arginino)succinateReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)

  Catalysed by SCLY, SLC7A6, ASLextracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• (R)-S-lactoylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2
  2. transport of GSH and triiodothyronine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)

  Catalysed by DIO1, DIO2, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• carnosineReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. beta-alanine + L-histidine + ATP = carnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SCLY, SLC7A10, CARNS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 4-guanidinobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 4-aminobutanoate + L-arginine = 4-guanidinobutanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SCLY, SLC7A6, GATMextracellular space, cytosol

• L-dopaReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-dopa(out) + L-phenylalanine(in) = L-dopa(in) + L-phenylalanine(out)

  Catalysed by SCLY, SLC7A5, SLC7A8extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2
  2. iodide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase
  3. thyroid peroxidase (3-iodo-L-tyrosine)

  Catalysed by DIO1, DIO3, TPOcytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMPReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. IMP:L-aspartate ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by SCLY, AGXT2, ADSS2, ADSS1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-guanidinopropanoateReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SCLY, SLC7A6, GATMextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-histidineReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)

  Catalysed by SCLY, SLC7A5, SLC7A8extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• sn-glycerol 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O
  2. 2-[(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine + H(+)
  3. sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine + H2O = sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + choline + H(+)

  Catalysed by PTGS2, PLA2G4A, GDPD5, GPCPD1

• D-ornithineReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-ornithine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-ornithine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by SCLY, SLC7A6, SLC25A2extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• an N-acylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. an acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-acylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SCLY, AGXT, AGXT2, GLYATL3 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by AIFM1, PYROXD1, MOCOS, GOT2 and 1 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• S-formylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
  2. N(6),N(6)-dimethyl-L-lysyl(4)-[histone H3] + 2 A + 2 H2O = L-lysyl(4)-[histone H3] + 2 formaldehyde + 2 AH2
  3. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)

  Catalysed by AIFM1, PYROXD1, KDM1A, KDM1B and 6 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SCLY, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix

• guanidinoacetateReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase

  Catalysed by SCLY, AGXT, AGXT2, GATMmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SCLY, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by SCLY, SAT1, SAT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• N-sulfo-D-glucosamineReach from here →
  1. 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine sulfate + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfate + AH2
  2. Steryl-Sulfatase
  3. N-sulfo-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + sulfate

  Catalysed by DIO1, STS, SGSHGolgi apparatus

• dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2
  2. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DIO1, DIO2, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-dopaquinoneReach from here →
  1. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  2. transport of alanine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tyrosine,L-dopa:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SCLY, SLC7A5, TYRextracellular space, cytosol