glycine

Three steps

• N(1)-acetylspermineReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. N(1)-acetylspermine + O2 + H2O = 3-acetamidopropanal + spermidine + H2O2

  Catalysed by BAAT, SAT1, SAT2, PAOXperoxisome, cytosol

• 3',5'-cyclic AMPReach from here →
  1. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation
  2. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3',5'-cyclic AMP(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3',5'-cyclic AMP(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)
  3. phosphoethanolamine + H2O = acetaldehyde + NH4(+) + phosphate

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10, ETNPPLextracellular space, cytosol

• adenosine 5'-phosphosulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. ATP:sulfate adenylyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC6A9, SLC6A14, SLC26A6, PAPSS1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N-acetylputrescineReach from here →
  1. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  2. L-ornithine carboxy-lyase (putrescine-forming)
  3. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by GATM, ODC1, SAT1, SAT2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 4-aminobutanalReach from here →
  1. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  2. L-ornithine carboxy-lyase (putrescine-forming)
  3. putrescine + O2 + H2O = 4-aminobutanal + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by GATM, ODC1, AOC1cytosol

• L-glutamyl 5-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  2. L-ornithine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate
  3. L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + phosphate + NADP(+) = L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + NADPH + H(+)

  Catalysed by GATM, OAT, ALDH18A1cytosol

• 3-oxosphinganineReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. Palmitoyl-CoA:L-serine C-palmitoyltransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 8 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 1-hexadecanoylglycerone 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N6-(L-1,3-Dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)
  3. L-saccharopine + NAD(+) + H2O = (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate + L-glutamate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AASSextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• N(1)-acetylspermidineReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. spermidine + acetyl-CoA = N(1)-acetylspermidine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SAT1, SAT2peroxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-aminopropanalReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)
  3. spermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (spermidine-forming)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SAT1, SAT2, SMOXperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinateReach from here →
  1. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  2. phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)
  3. 1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-imidazole AMP-lyase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, ATIC, ADSLcytosolOne of 4 routes

• 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamideReach from here →
  1. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  2. phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)
  3. (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide = 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide + (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

  Catalysed by SHMT1, ATICcytosolOne of 3 routes

• N(8)-acetylspermidineReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. N8-acetylspermidine to spermidine conversion

  Catalysed by BAAT, SAT1, SAT2peroxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermineReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion
  3. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion

  Catalysed by BAATperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (EPA)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• dCDPReach from here →
  1. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  3. 2'-deoxycytidine diphosphate:oxidized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GARS1, TXN, RRM1, RRM2 and 2 morecytosol

• N(tau)-methylhistamineReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:histamine N-tele-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, HNMTcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 14 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus

• (3S)-citramalyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)
  3. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA = itaconyl-CoA + H2O

  Catalysed by BAAT, SUCLG1, SUCLG2, SUCLA2 and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• L-2-aminoadipateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. 2-oxoadipate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminoadipate + kynurenate + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10, KYNU and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• phosphoenolpyruvateReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)
  3. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACLY, PCK1, PCK2peroxisome, cytosol

• hyodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. transport of GSH and lithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. cytochrome P450 (lithocholate)

  Catalysed by GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, CYP3A4cytosol, extracellular space

• N-formimidoyl-L-glutamateReach from here →
  1. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  2. 5-Formiminotetrahydrofolate:L-glutamate N-formiminotransferase
  3. 5-Formiminotetrahydrofolate:L-glutamate N-formiminotransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, FTCDcytosol

• pyridoxal 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. pyridoxine 5'-phosphate + O2 = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + H2O2

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10, SCLY and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-hydroxy-4-methylvaleric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate reduction

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, BCAT2, SDR42E2, AKR1B15 and 16 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• an L-alpha-amino acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10, KYNU and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 1-acyl-2-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-acyl-2-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + A = a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, MOCOS and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• estrone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (glycocholate)
  3. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• sphing-4-enine 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. sphing-4-enine + ATP = sphing-4-enine 1-phosphate + ADP + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 3 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus

• (2E)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. trans-tetradec-2-enoyl-CoA reductase

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• (2E)-decenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)
  3. trans-dec-2-enoyl-CoA reductase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 4 moreperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• dCTPReach from here →
  1. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  3. 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate:oxydized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GARS1, TXN, RRM1, RRM2 and 2 morecytosol

• dUTPReach from here →
  1. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  3. 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate:oxydized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GARS1, TXN, RRM1, RRM2 and 2 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• Fe(II)-heme aReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. Fe(II)-heme o + 2 A + H2O = Fe(II)-heme a + 2 AH2

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, MOCOS and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (R)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate:L-cysteine ligase
  3. N-[(R)-4-phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteine + H(+) = (R)-4'-phosphopantetheine + CO2

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, PPCS and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (2E)-hexenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)
  3. trans-hex-2-enoyl-CoA reductase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 4 moreperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• a cardiolipinReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. 1'-[1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho],3'-[1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-glycerol + an acyl-CoA = a cardiolipin + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 2 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus

• (2E)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase
  3. trans-oct-2-enoyl-CoA reductase

  Catalysed by BAAT, CROT, MECRperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 3-oxotetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)
  3. dodecanoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA + H(+) = 3-oxotetradecanoyl-CoA + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• (3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. trans-4-Hydroxy-L-proline:NAD+ 5-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC6A9, SLC6A14, CLTRN, SLC6A20 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetate

  Catalysed by SLC6A9, SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC4A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)
  3. 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + acetaldehyde

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10, DERAextracellular space, cytosol

• an all-trans-retinyl esterReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. all-trans-retinol + an acyl-CoA = an all-trans-retinyl ester + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 5 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatusOne of 4 routes

• dTMPReach from here →
  1. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUMP C-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, TYMScytosolOne of 2 routes

• 18-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. cytochrome P450 (arachidonate)

  Catalysed by GSS, CYP4F8cytosol, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• 3-demethylubiquinol-10Reach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. ubiquinone-10 + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + ubiquinol-10
  3. 3-demethylubiquinol-10 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = ubiquinol-10 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+)

  Catalysed by GSS, SQOR, COQ3

• 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 2 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus