D-cysteine

Three steps

• cholineReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, CHATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, nucleusOne of 2 routes

• acetylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. acetylpyruvate + H2O = acetate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT2, FAHD1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• all-trans-retinoic acidReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase(5-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15380Reach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. 5-aminolevulinate synthase (2-amino-3-oxoadipate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, ALAS1, CPNE7inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• CHEBI:15477Reach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 2-methylcrotonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Production of Tiglylcarnitine

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, CPT1A, CPT1Binner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• isobutyryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxo-4-methyl-pentanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. glycine-N-acyltransferase (3-methylcrotonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, GLYATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• isovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (isovalerylglycine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• arachidonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Arachidonate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• CHEBI:15519Reach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5Binner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• palmitoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• oleoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Transport of octadecenoyl-CoA into Mitochondrial Matrix

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Binner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• phenylacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Phenylacetate:CoA ligase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• propionyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, ACSS3, ACSS2, ACSS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 43 routes

• (S)-malateReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT2, ME2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:15611Reach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT, AGXT2, GNMTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15650Reach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2 and 29 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• trimethylenediamineReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. deoxyhypusine synthase (1,3-diaminopropane)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A6, DHPSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:15727Reach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, NAA10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15746Reach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SAT1, SAT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15765Reach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5, THinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartic acidReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. carbamoyl-phosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT2, CADinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, GFPT2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• thioredoxin dithiolReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• methanethiolReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine + O2 + H2O = 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. methanethiol + O2 + H2O = hydrogen sulfide + formaldehyde + H2O2 + H(+)

  Catalysed by DAO, MPST, SELENBP1

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC6A14, SLC26A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• ureaReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Arginine amidinohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A6, ARG1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoic acidReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate transaminase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT2, ABATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 11-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• cob(II)alaminReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 2 cob(II)alamin + A + 2 H2O + 2 H(+) = 2 aquacob(III)alamin + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, MTRRinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• iodideReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5, TPOinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 25 routes

• oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. Pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT2, PCinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 9 routes

• nitric oxideReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A6, NOS3, NOS1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• selaneReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SCLYinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:16523Reach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT, AGXT2, SLC3A2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A6, ACY1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-phenylacetamideReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-phenylalanine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5, EPXinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• anthranilateReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, KYNUinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• D-alanyl-D-alanineReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. alanine racemase
  3. Formation of Alanylalanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• Met-tRNA(Met)Reach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5, MARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• (S)-lactateReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT2, LDHA, LDHB and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTPReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. CTP + AH2 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTP + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, RSAD2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• pyridoxineReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. pyridoxine-5'-phosphate phosphohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SCLY, PHOSPHO2, PDXPinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5, AADATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5, CNDP2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• tryptamineReach from here →
  1. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5, DDCinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol