L-aspartate

Three steps

• L-glutamate 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-ornithine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by ASNS, SLC7A6, OATcytosol, extracellular space

• L-cysteateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)
  3. L-cysteate + H(+) = taurine + CO2

  Catalysed by NAT8L, BAAT, GADL1, CSADmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N(1)-acetylspermineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. N(1)-acetylspermine + O2 + H2O = 3-acetamidopropanal + spermidine + H2O2

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SAT1, SAT2, PAOXmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 3',5'-cyclic AMPReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. 3',5'-cyclic AMP(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3',5'-cyclic AMP(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, SLC25A35, SLC25A34 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-glutamate:L-cysteine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by ASNS, SLC7A5, GCLC, GCLMcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 6-amino-2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-lysine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by ASNS, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular space, peroxisome

• N,N-dimethylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  2. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)
  3. L-homocysteine + glycine betaine = N,N-dimethylglycine + L-methionine

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, BHMT2, BHMTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N-acetylputrescineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  3. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ASPA, ACY3, HDAC10mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (2R)-2-phosphoglycerateReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. GTP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (adding GTP
  3. 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase (phosphoenolpyruvate-forming)

  Catalysed by GOT2, PCK1, ENO1, ENO2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-oxosphinganineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. Palmitoyl-CoA:L-serine C-palmitoyltransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 8 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 1-hexadecanoylglycerone 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, peroxisome

• N(1)-acetylspermidineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. spermidine + acetyl-CoA = N(1)-acetylspermidine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SAT1, SAT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 3-aminopropanalReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)
  3. spermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (spermidine-forming)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SAT1, SAT2, SMOXmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• histamineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)

  Catalysed by ASNS, SLC7A6, HDCcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• anserineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate 1-carboxy-lyase (beta-alanine-forming)
  2. beta-alanine + L-histidine + ATP = carnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. carnosine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = anserine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+)

  Catalysed by GAD2, CARNS1, CARNMT1cytosol

• kynurenateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, SLC25A35, SLC25A34 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 19 routes

• 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamideReach from here →
  1. 1-(5-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-carboxyimidazole:L-aspartate ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. 1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-imidazole AMP-lyase
  3. (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide = 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide + (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

  Catalysed by PAICS, ADSL, ATICcytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-Citrulline:L-aspartate ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  3. L-arginine + O2 + H2O = 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by ASS1, ASL, IL4I1cytosol

• N(8)-acetylspermidineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. N8-acetylspermidine to spermidine conversion

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SAT1, SAT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion
  3. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion

  Catalysed by NAT8Lmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (EPA)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 8 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• S-sulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2 L-cysteine = S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by ASNS, SLC7A5, CARS2cytosol, extracellular space

• dCDPReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  3. 2'-deoxycytidine diphosphate:oxidized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by DARS1, TXN, RRM1, RRM2 and 2 morecytosol

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 14 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• (3S)-citramalyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by GOT2, FAHD1, CLYBLmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-2-aminoadipateReach from here →
  1. L-leucine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-leucine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. 2-oxoadipate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminoadipate + kynurenate + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, SLC43A1, AADATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  3. an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugate + H2O = an S-substituted L-cysteine + acetate

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ASPA, ACY3mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• D-glucosamineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. N-sulfo-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + sulfate
  3. N-sulfo-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + sulfate

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, SGSHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 5-amino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. L-ornithine + pyruvate = 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by GOT2, FAHD1, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• S-sulfanylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. sulfite(in) + sulfate(out) = sulfite(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. S-sulfanylglutathione + O2 + H2O = sulfite + glutathione + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, ETHE1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASNS, GLYATL2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• methylamineReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  2. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + H2O = L-citrulline + methylamine

  Catalysed by AGXT2, DDAH1

• N-[(R)-4-phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate:L-cysteine ligase

  Catalysed by ASNS, SLC7A5, PPCScytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• pyridoxal 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. pyridoxine 5'-phosphate + O2 = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + H2O2

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SCLY, PNPOcytosol

• 2-hydroxy-4-methylvaleric acidReach from here →
  1. L-leucine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-leucine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  2. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate reduction

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, BCAT2, SDR42E2, AKR1B15 and 16 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• an L-alpha-amino acidReach from here →
  1. L-leucine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-leucine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, SLC43A1, SLC7A11inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 4-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. Transport of L-Asparagine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ASNS, SLC6A14, SLC6A12cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• 3-iodo-L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)

  Catalysed by ASNS, SLC7A5, TPOcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• dopamineReach from here →
  1. L-leucine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-leucine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  2. solute carrier (L-dopa)
  3. 3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine carboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, DDCinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 1-acyl-2-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-acyl-2-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• sphing-4-enine 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. sphing-4-enine + ATP = sphing-4-enine 1-phosphate + ADP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. prostaglandin E2(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, SLC25A35, SLC25A34 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-benzoylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation

  Catalysed by ASNScytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• dIMPReach from here →
  1. IMP:L-aspartate ligase (GDP-forming)
  2. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  3. dIMP + inosine = 2'-deoxyinosine + IMP

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, NT5C2cytosol

• (2E)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. trans-tetradec-2-enoyl-CoA reductase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (2E)-decenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)
  3. trans-dec-2-enoyl-CoA reductase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• dCTPReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  3. 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate:oxydized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by DARS1, TXN, RRM1, RRM2 and 2 morecytosol

• dUTPReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  3. 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate:oxydized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by DARS1, TXN, RRM1, RRM2 and 2 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• (2E)-hexenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)
  3. trans-hex-2-enoyl-CoA reductase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by GOT2, FAHD1, HOGA1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol