L-aspartate

Three steps

• S(8)-aminomethyldihydrolipoamideReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase ([protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine)

  Catalysed by ASNS, GLDC, GCSHcytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinolReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, CDKAL1, RETSATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• an N-acylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• N-tetracosanoylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)
  3. tetracosanoyl-CoA + sphinganine = N-tetracosanoylsphinganine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 8 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-hexacosanoylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)
  3. hexacosanoyl-CoA + sphinganine = N-hexacosanoylsphinganine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 8 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, CDKAL1, DIO1, DIO2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, CDKAL1, DIO1, DIO3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + CoA

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• a 3-acylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GOT2, FAHD1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• succinyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)
  3. (R)-methylmalonyl-CoA = succinyl-CoA

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ALDH6A1, MMUTmitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (S)-malyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. (S)-malate + ATP + CoA = (S)-malyl-CoA + ADP + phosphate

  Catalysed by GOT2, SUCLG1, SUCLA2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (2E)-butenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. butanoyl-CoA:electron-transfer flavoprotein 2,3-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 3-methyl-(2E)-glutaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. glycine-N-acyltransferase (3-methylcrotonoylglycine)
  3. 3-Methylcrotonoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, GLYAT, MCCC1, MCCC2mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-oxohexadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA + H(+) = 3-oxohexadecanoyl-CoA + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (2E)-glutaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. glutaryl-CoA + O2 = (2E)-glutaconyl-CoA + H2O2

  Catalysed by NAT8L, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• acryloyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (propanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ACSS3, ACSS2, ACSS1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (dihomo-gamma-linolenate)
  3. (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• hexadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + NADPH + H(+) = hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADP(+)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. octadecanoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• propanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA + H(+) = propanoyl-CoA + CO2

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ECHDC1mitochondrial matrix

• prostaglandin F2alphaReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, SLC25A35, SLC25A34 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, CDKAL1, PTGS1, PTGS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 = (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, CDKAL1, TBXAS1, PTGS2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• sarcosineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2

  Catalysed by ASNS, PIPOXcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine + putrescine = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + spermidine + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SAT1, SAT2, SRMmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 7,8-dihydrofolateReach from here →
  1. 1-(5-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-carboxyimidazole:L-aspartate ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. 1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-imidazole AMP-lyase
  3. 10-formyldihydrofolate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide = 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide + 7,8-dihydrofolate

  Catalysed by PAICS, ADSL, ATICcytosolOne of 5 routes

• (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine

  Catalysed by ASNS, SHMT1, SHMT2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• XMPReach from here →
  1. IMP:L-aspartate ligase (GDP-forming)
  2. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  3. IMP + NAD(+) + H2O = XMP + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, IMPDH2, IMPDH1cytosol

• propane-1,3-diamineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. [eIF5A protein]-L-lysine + spermidine = [eIF5A protein]-deoxyhypusine + propane-1,3-diamine

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SAT1, SAT2, DHPSmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 4-guanidinobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-Citrulline:L-aspartate ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  3. 4-aminobutanoate + L-arginine = 4-guanidinobutanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by ASS1, ASL, GATMcytosol

• N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  3. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ASPA, ACY3, AMDHD2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase (palmitoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 9 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• a 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. dihydroxyacetone phosphate + an acyl-CoA = a 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• O-acetyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• beta-D-fructose 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-glutamine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-glutamine(in)
  2. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)
  3. alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, GFPT2, GFPT1, GNPDA1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• D-ornithineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-ornithine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-ornithine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by ASNS, SLC7A6, SLC25A2cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• an N-acylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. an acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-acylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASNS, GLYATL3, GLYAT, GLYATL2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• dGMPReach from here →
  1. IMP:L-aspartate ligase (GDP-forming)
  2. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  3. dGMP + inosine = 2'-deoxyguanosine + IMP

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, NT5C2cytosol

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GOT2, FAHD1, MPSTmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by GOT2, FAHD1, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• guanidinoacetateReach from here →
  1. L-Citrulline:L-aspartate ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  3. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase

  Catalysed by ASS1, ASL, GATMcytosolOne of 5 routes

• 3',5'-cyclic GMPReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. 3',5'-cyclic GMP(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3',5'-cyclic GMP(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, SLC25A35, SLC25A34 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol)Reach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + CoA

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• adenosine 5'-phosphoramidateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. ATP:sulfate adenylyltransferase
  3. adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + NH4(+) = adenosine 5'-phosphoramidate + sulfate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, PAPSS1, PAPSS2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• glutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASNS, GSScytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 8 routes

• L-saccharopineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N6-(L-1,3-Dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)

  Catalysed by ASNS, SLC7A6, AASScytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + an acyl-CoA = a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• leukotriene C4Reach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by ASNScytosol, extracellular space

• taurocyamineReach from here →
  1. L-Citrulline:L-aspartate ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  3. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by ASS1, ASL, GATMcytosolOne of 2 routes