sulfate

Three steps

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC6A14, CNDP2extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
  3. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC25A10, ME2, ME3, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• tryptamineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC6A14, DDCextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxoglutaramateReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
  3. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A10, ME2, ME3, KYAT1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• formaldehydeReach from here →
  1. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. oxalate(in) + formate(out) = oxalate(out) + formate(in)
  3. formaldehyde + NAD(+) + H2O = formate + NADH + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC26A2, SLC25A30, SLC26A6 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• CHEBI:16856Reach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, GSSextracellular space, cytosolOne of 14 routes

• glyoxylic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, DAOextracellular space, cytosol, peroxisome

• creatineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of Guanidinoacetic Acid
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, GAMTextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• bilirubin IXalphaReach from here →
  1. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)
  2. transport of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of bilirubin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by STS, SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• a cholesterol esterReach from here →
  1. Steryl-Sulfatase
  2. Cholesterol-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. Phosphatidylcholine:sterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by STS, LCATGolgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• progesteroneReach from here →
  1. Steryl-Sulfatase
  2. Pregnenolone-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. Pregnenolone:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by STS, HSD3B1, HSD3B2Golgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
  3. transport of (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC25A10, ME2, ME3, SLC16A4 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• 4-maleylacetoacetateReach from here →
  1. transport of fumarate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. 4-fumarylacetoacetate + H2O = acetoacetate + fumarate + H(+)
  3. 4-maleylacetoacetate = 4-fumarylacetoacetate

  Catalysed by SLC25A10, FAH, GSTZ1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 17alpha-estradiolReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate + H2O = estrone + sulfate + H(+)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. 17alpha-estradiol + NADP(+) = estrone + NADPH + H(+)

  Catalysed by STS, DHRS1cytosol

• taurolithocholateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (lithocholate)

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC6A6, BAATextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 3-hydroxypyruvateReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
  3. L-serine + pyruvate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC25A10, ME2, ME3, AGXTmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• CHEBI:17208Reach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• itaconateReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2
  3. cis-aconitate carboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by SLC25A10, SLC25A1, ACOD1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• anilineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. Acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, NAT8L, NAT2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• aceneuramateReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
  3. aceneuramate = aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC25A10, ME2, ME3, NPLmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• CHEBI:17312Reach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, NAT8Linner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5'-deoxyadenosineReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
  3. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC25A10, ME2, ME3, TYW1B and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarateReach from here →
  1. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)
  2. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + glutaryl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by STS, SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SUGCTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• linoleic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• D-aspartic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of D-aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC12A2, SLC12A1, SLC1A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:17380Reach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. Transport of 3-Hydroxy-L-Kynurenine

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC6A14, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Proline by the Apical Imino Amino Acid Transporters
  3. L-proline:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, CLTRN, SLC6A20, PRODH2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• agmatineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-arginine carboxy-lyase (agmatine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC6A14, CPT2, CPT1Aextracellular space, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 10 routes

• AH2Reach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  3. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC6A6, MTO1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• 7alpha-hydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. Steryl-Sulfatase
  2. Cholesterol-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. cytochrome P450 (cholesterol)

  Catalysed by STS, CYP7A1Golgi apparatus, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+)Reach from here →
  1. Steryl-Sulfatase
  2. Cholesterol-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. Phosphatidylcholine:sterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by STS, LCATGolgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5-aminolevulinic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, ALAS1 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• diiodineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and iodide (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. iodide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC26A4, TPOextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• indole-3-pyruvateReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
  3. L-tryptophan + glyoxylate = indole-3-pyruvate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC25A10, CLYBL, AADATmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:3->C16:3), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, NAT8L, HADHA and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• xanthineReach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. xanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = urate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC22A6, XDHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17724Reach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of betaine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Trimethylaminoacetate:L-homosysteine S-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC6A12, BHMT, BHMT2extracellular space, cytosol

• Ala-tRNA(Ala)Reach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC6A14, AARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• desmosterolReach from here →
  1. Steryl-Sulfatase
  2. Cholesterol-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (desmosterol)

  Catalysed by STSGolgi apparatus, cytosol, nucleus

• trans-urocanateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC6A14, HALextracellular space, cytosol

• 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC6A14, TPH1, TPH2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• methylarsonous acidReach from here →
  1. sulfite(in) + sulfate(out) = sulfite(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, TSTD1, GSTO1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
  3. L-leucine + glyoxylate = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC25A10, CLYBL, AADATmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:17927Reach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC6A14, SLC3A2, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-oxopropanoic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. beta-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC6A6, SLC6A14, ABATextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• ubiquinolReach from here →
  1. transport of fumarate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. succinate:quinone oxidoreductase
  3. thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) (ubiquinone)

  Catalysed by SLC25A10, SDHD, SDHB, SDHA and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• 4-methylpentanalReach from here →
  1. Steryl-Sulfatase
  2. Cholesterol-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. cytochrome P450 (cholesterol)

  Catalysed by STS, CYP11A1Golgi apparatus, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3-phenylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
  3. glyoxylate + L-phenylalanine = 3-phenylpyruvate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC25A10, CLYBL, AADATmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• 5-hydroxyisourateReach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. urate:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol