CHEBI:15570

Three steps

• 2-amino-2-deoxy-6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactoneReach from here →
  1. transport of D-alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. D-fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate
  3. D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + NADP(+) = 2-amino-2-deoxy-6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + NADPH + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GFPT2, GFPT1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2,3-didehydrophenylalanineReach from here →
  1. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine
  3. glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, DPEP1extracellular space, cytosol

• S-adenosylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. apo-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + adenosylcob(III)alamin + glutathione = S-adenosylglutathione + cob(I)alamin-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GSS, MMACHCextracellular space, cytosol

• N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + glycine + ATP = N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate = N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GARTextracellular space, cytosol

• kinetensinReach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Chymase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CMA1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• (7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase ((7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. transport of alanine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15345Reach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AACScytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• acetoneReach from here →
  1. D-alanine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. Acetoacetate carboxy-lyase (acetone-forming)

  Catalysed by DAOperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• cholineReach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by CHATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix, nucleusOne of 2 routes

• acetylcholineReach from here →
  1. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of acetylcholine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GSS, SLCO1A2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase(5-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15380Reach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. 5-aminolevulinate synthase (2-amino-3-oxoadipate)

  Catalysed by ALAS1, CPNE7cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• CHEBI:15477Reach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 2-methylcrotonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Production of Tiglylcarnitine

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• isobutyryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxo-4-methyl-pentanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. glycine-N-acyltransferase (3-methylcrotonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by GLYATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• isovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (isovalerylglycine)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• arachidonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Arachidonate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• CHEBI:15519Reach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• palmitoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• oleoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Transport of octadecenoyl-CoA into Mitochondrial Matrix

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• phenylacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Phenylacetate:CoA ligase

  No catalyst recordedcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• propionyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ACSS3, ACSS2, ACSS1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 48 routes

• (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  3. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, SHMT1, SHMT2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 10-formyltetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, SHMT1, MTHFD1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. histamine N-methyltransferase (SAM)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, SHMT1, HNMTextracellular space, cytosol

• (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15650Reach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion

  Catalysed by ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2, ESCO1 and 28 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• trimethylenediamineReach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. deoxyhypusine synthase (1,3-diaminopropane)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, DHPScytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:15727Reach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)

  Catalysed by NAA10cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15746Reach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15765Reach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. transport of alanine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, THcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• malonateReach from here →
  1. D-alanine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. malonate(out) + (S)-malate(in) = malonate(in) + (S)-malate(out)

  Catalysed by DAO, ME2, SLC25A10peroxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• bromideReach from here →
  1. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. 2-bromoacetaldehyde:glutathione S-(formylmethyl)transferase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GSS, MGST3 and 16 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartic acidReach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. carbamoyl-phosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CADcytosolOne of 2 routes

• keto-D-fructose 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of D-alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)
  3. D-glucosamine-6-phosphate aminohydrolase (ketol isomerizing)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GFPT2, GFPT1 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• thioredoxin dithiolReach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation

  Catalysed by AARS1cytosolOne of 6 routes

• a halide anionReach from here →
  1. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GSS, GSTT4 and 22 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:16174Reach from here →
  1. D-alanine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (dADP)

  Catalysed by DAO, PKM, PKLR, NME4 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 7 routes

• ureaReach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Arginine amidinohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, ARG1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:16284Reach from here →
  1. D-alanine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. deoxythymidylate kinase (dADP)

  Catalysed by DAO, PKM, PKLR, DTYMKperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 11-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1, AWAT2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• cob(II)alaminReach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 2 cob(II)alamin + A + 2 H2O + 2 H(+) = 2 aquacob(III)alamin + AH2

  Catalysed by MOCOS, MTRRcytosol

• lithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and lithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GSS, SLCO1A2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• iodideReach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. transport of alanine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, TPOcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 25 routes

• nitric oxideReach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, NOS3, NOS1, NOS2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:16497Reach from here →
  1. D-alanine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. dGTP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by DAO, PKM, PKLRperoxisome, cytosol

• selaneReach from here →
  1. alanine racemase
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by SCLYcytosolOne of 3 routes