beta-carboline

Three steps

• L-homoarginineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of arginine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-homoarginine(in) + L-arginine(out) = L-homoarginine(out) + L-arginine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC25A29cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• L-homocarnosineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of histidine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Formation of homocarnosine

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, CARNS1cytosol, extracellular space

• N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + glycine + ATP = N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GARTcytosol, extracellular space

• L-cystine-bis-glycineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, DPEP1, DPEP2cytosol, extracellular space

• glycyldehydrophenylalanineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, DPEP1cytosol, extracellular space

• 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glutamine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + L-glutamine + ATP + H2O = 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + L-glutamate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, PFAScytosol, extracellular space

• kinetensinReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of phenylalanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Chymase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CMA1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• an N-(fatty acyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GLYATL2cytosol, extracellular space

• N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GLYATL2cytosol, extracellular space

• acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of threonine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular space

• cholineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC5A7cytosol, extracellular space

• pyruvateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2cytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 16 routes

• CHEBI:15570Reach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC3A2, SLC7A10cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:15611Reach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GNMTcytosol, extracellular space

• trimethylenediamineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of lysine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. deoxyhypusine synthase (1,3-diaminopropane)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, DHPScytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:15727Reach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of histidine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, CARNS1cytosol, extracellular space

• formateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  3. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, AFMIDcytosol

• CHEBI:15765Reach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of tryptophan and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, THcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• 4-(2-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. Transport of 3-Hydroxy-L-Kynurenine
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, KYAT1, KYAT3, AADATcytosol, extracellular space

• 3-hydroxyanthranilic acidReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. Transport of 3-Hydroxy-L-Kynurenine
  3. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, KYNUcytosol, extracellular space

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartic acidReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. L-tryptophan(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tryptophan(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  3. carbamoyl-phosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, CADcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glutamine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GFPT2, GFPT1cytosol, extracellular space

• thioredoxin dithiolReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. L-Tryptophan -tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation

  Catalysed by WARS1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• ureaReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of arginine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Arginine amidinohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, ARG1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• L-cystineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A9, SLC3A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 9 routes

• (R)-3-aminoisobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2cytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• iodideReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of tryptophan and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, TPOcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. L-tryptophan(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tryptophan(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  3. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, GOT2cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• nitric oxideReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of arginine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, NOS3, NOS1, NOS2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:16523Reach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC3A2, SLC7A10cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of ornithine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, ACY1cytosol, extracellular space

• 2-phenylacetamideReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of phenylalanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-phenylalanine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, EPXcytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:16633Reach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SCLYcytosol, extracellular space

• Met-tRNA(Met)Reach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of methionine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, MARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of methionine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AADATcytosol, extracellular space

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of phenylalanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CNDP2cytosol, extracellular space

• 2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of threonine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-threonine ammonia-lyase (2-oxobutanoate-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SDS, SDSLcytosol, extracellular space

• 2-oxoglutaramateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glutamine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, KYAT1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:16856Reach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSScytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• glyoxylic acidReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, DAOcytosol, extracellular space, peroxisome

• N-acetyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. L-tryptophan(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tryptophan(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  3. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, NAT8Lcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• oxalic acidReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6cytosol, extracellular space

• L-glutamic 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of ornithine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Ornithine:2-oxo-acid aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, OATcytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of proline and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-proline:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ABCA1, SLC7A5, PRODH2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• agmatineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of arginine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-arginine carboxy-lyase (agmatine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• AH2Reach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, MOCOScytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• 5-aminolevulinic acidReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, ALAS1, ALAS2, CPNE7cytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• Ala-tRNA(Ala)Reach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• glycine betaineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. transport of betaine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC6A12cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes