L-lysine

Three steps

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, GOT2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• D-threonineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-ornithine carboxy-lyase (putrescine-forming)
  3. S-adenosylmethioninamine:putrescine 3-aminopropyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, ODC1, SRMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• L-dopaquinoneReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tyrosine,L-dopa:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, TYRinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• glutathioneReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  3. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline

  Catalysed by GGACT, CHAC2, CHAC1One of 2 routes

• L-threonineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• leukotriene C4Reach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GATMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-lysine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-lysine(in)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  3. N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + L-aspartate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, AGXT2, AGAinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, KYNUinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, NAGSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-glutamate:L-cysteine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, GCLC and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 6-amino-2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  3. L-lysine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by GGACTcytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• L-homocysteineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of methionine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, BHMT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• carbamoyl phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation (Apc) Tcdb:2.A.3.8.15
  3. Carbamoyl-phosphate:L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A9, OTCinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• S-methyl-L-methionineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of methionine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, BHMT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• N-acetylputrescineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-ornithine carboxy-lyase (putrescine-forming)
  3. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, ODC1, SAT1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 4-aminobutanalReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-ornithine carboxy-lyase (putrescine-forming)
  3. putrescine + O2 + H2O = 4-aminobutanal + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, ODC1, AOC1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• L-glutamyl 5-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-ornithine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate
  3. L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + phosphate + NADP(+) = L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + NADPH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, OAT, ALDH18A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• glutathione disulfideReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-lysine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  2. L-cystine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  3. cystine to cysteine conversion

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC25A29, SLC7A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GATM, AADATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N(1)-acetylspermidineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-ornithine carboxy-lyase (putrescine-forming)
  3. N(1)-acetylspermidine + O2 + H2O = 3-acetamidopropanal + putrescine + H2O2

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, ODC1, PAOXinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• an acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, SLC1A4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• histamineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of histidine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A5, SLC7A6 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinateReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-lysine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-lysine(in)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  3. 1-(5-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-carboxyimidazole:L-aspartate ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, AGXT2, PAICSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• kynurenateReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, BCAT2, AADATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 14 routes

• (3Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-5-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• S-sulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2 L-cysteine = S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, CARS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• N-formyl-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, IDO1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-2-aminoadipateReach from here →
  1. L-saccharopine + NADP(+) + H2O = L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H(+)
  2. L-saccharopine + NAD(+) + H2O = (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate + L-glutamate + NADH + H(+)
  3. (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate + NAD(+) + H2O = L-2-aminoadipate + NADH + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by AASS, ALDH7A1One of 2 routes

• (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, SLC27A2, SLC27A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of glutamine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (glutamine)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, PPATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of glutamine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, GFPT2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• L-methionine (S)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of methionine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, MSRAinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• L-methionine (R)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of methionine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, MSRB3 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• deoxycholoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, SLC27A2, SLC27A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GATM, GLYATL2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• methylamineReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-lysine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  2. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine(in) + L-arginine(out) = N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine(out) + L-arginine(in)
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + H2O = L-citrulline + methylamine

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC25A29, SLC7A6, DDAH1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N-[(R)-4-phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate:L-cysteine ligase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, PPCSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 2-hydroxy-4-methylvaleric acidReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate reduction

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, BCAT2, SDR42E2, AKR1B15 and 16 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• an L-alpha-amino acidReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, SLC43A1, SLC7A11inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 4-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-lysine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC25A29, SLC7A6, SLC6A14 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 3-iodo-L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, TPOinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• dopamineReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. solute carrier (L-dopa)
  3. 3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine carboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, DDCinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• L-prolineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, SLC1A4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-benzoylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GATMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-sulfino-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, CDO1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• decanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes