4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate

Three steps

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glyoxylate + O2 + H2O = oxalate + H2O2 + H(+)
  3. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by AADAT, HAO1, SLC25A14, SLC26A2 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 11 routes

• ureaReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of arginine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Arginine amidinohydrolase

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A6, ARG1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoic acidReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix

• L-cystineReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, SLC7A9, SLC3A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• 11-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by AADAT, NAGS, DGAT1, LRAT and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• cob(II)alaminReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. 2 cob(II)alamin + A + 2 H2O + 2 H(+) = 2 aquacob(III)alamin + AH2

  Catalysed by AADAT, CDKAL1, MTRR

• (R)-3-aminoisobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, AGXT2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-methionine + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• iodideReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of methionine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, TPOextracellular space, cytosolOne of 25 routes

• oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by AADAT, CLYBLmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 15 routes

• nitric oxideReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of arginine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A6, NOS3, NOS1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:16523Reach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC3A2, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of methionine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A6, ACY1extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-phenylacetamideReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of methionine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-phenylalanine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, EPXextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:16633Reach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, SCLYextracellular space, cytosol

• (S)-lactateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  3. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT, AGXT2, LDHA and 4 more

• 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTPReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. CTP + AH2 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTP + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by AADAT, CDKAL1, RSAD2

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of methionine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, CNDP2extracellular space, cytosol

• tryptamineReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of methionine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, DDCextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxoglutaramateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  3. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT, AGXT2, KYAT1cytosolOne of 6 routes

• (S)-2-hydroxyglutarateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2

  Catalysed by AADAT, CDKAL1, L2HGDH

• enol-phenylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glyoxylate + L-phenylalanine = 3-phenylpyruvate + glycine
  3. 3-phenylpyruvate = enol-phenylpyruvate

  Catalysed by AADAT, MIF

• formaldehydeReach from here →
  1. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + formate + 2 H(+)
  2. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate + CO + formate + 2 H(+)
  3. formaldehyde + NAD(+) + H2O = formate + NADH + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by ADI1, ALDH9A1

• 3-fumarylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  3. 3-fumarylpyruvate + H2O = fumarate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT, AGXT2, FAHD1

• CHEBI:16856Reach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSScytosolOne of 2 routes

• glyoxylic acidReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glycolate + NADP(+) = glyoxylate + NADPH + H(+)
  3. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AADAT, GRHPRcytosolOne of 4 routes

• N-acetyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  3. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A13, NAT8Linner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• oxalic acidReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of chloride and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC6A14, SLC26A6extracellular space, cytosol

• (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  3. transport of (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 3-hydroxypyruvateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  3. L-serine + pyruvate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT, AGXT2

• (S)-4-hydroxymandelateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  3. 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + O2 = (S)-4-hydroxymandelate + CO2

  Catalysed by AADAT, HPDL

• L-glutamic 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of methionine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Ornithine:2-oxo-acid aminotransferase

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A6, OATextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• itaconateReach from here →
  1. 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-methionine + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. itaconate + glutaryl-CoA = itaconyl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC22A6, SUGCTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• anilineReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. Acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by AADAT, NAGS, NAT2, NAT1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• aceneuramateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  3. aceneuramate = aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT, AGXT2, NPL

• CHEBI:17312Reach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion

  Catalysed by AADAT, NAGSmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5'-deoxyadenosineReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  3. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT, AGXT2, TYW1B and 1 moreOne of 5 routes

• 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarateReach from here →
  1. 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-methionine + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + glutaryl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC22A6, SUGCTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• sulfiteReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by AADAT, CLYBL, SLC25A10mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17380Reach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. Kynurenine-Oxoglutarate Transaminase

  Catalysed by AADAT, KYAT3mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of methionine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-proline:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, PRODH2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• agmatineReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of arginine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-arginine carboxy-lyase (agmatine-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• enol-oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
  3. (S)-malate + a quinone = enol-oxaloacetate + a quinol

  Catalysed by AADAT, CLYBL, SDHB, SDHA

• 5-aminolevulinic acidReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by AADAT, ALAS1, ALAS2, CPNE7mitochondrial matrix

• 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfate + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine sulfate + AH2

  Catalysed by AADAT, CDKAL1, DIO1

• 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by AADAT, CDKAL1, DIO1, DIO3One of 2 routes

• 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine sulfateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine sulfate + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfate + AH2

  Catalysed by AADAT, CDKAL1, DIO1One of 2 routes

• (7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:3->C16:3), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by AADAT, NAGS, HADHA, ACADVL and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• Ala-tRNA(Ala)Reach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, AARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• glycine betaineReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of chloride and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of betaine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC6A14, SLC6A12extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes