L-threonine

Three steps

• 10-formyltetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, MTHFD1cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. histamine N-methyltransferase (SAM)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, HNMTcytosol

• (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15650Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, ZDHHC11B, NAA10 and 30 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• trimethylenediamineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. deoxyhypusine synthase (1,3-diaminopropane)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A6, DHPSextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:15727Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, NAA10peroxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15746Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, SAT1, SAT2peroxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15765Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A5, THextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• bromideReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. 2-bromoacetaldehyde:glutathione S-(formylmethyl)transferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, MGST3, GSTA4 and 15 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartic acidReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-threonine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. HCO3-:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating)
  3. carbamoyl-phosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC1A5, CADinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• keto-D-fructose 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-threonine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)
  3. D-glucosamine-6-phosphate aminohydrolase (ketol isomerizing)

  Catalysed by SLC1A5, GFPT2, GFPT1, GNPDA1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• thioredoxin dithiolReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GARS1cytosolOne of 6 routes

• a halide anionReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, GSTT4, GSTA4 and 21 more

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, SLC26A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• ureaReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Arginine amidinohydrolase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A6, ARG1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoic acidReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, AGXT2mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 11-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, DGAT1, LRAT and 3 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• cob(II)alaminReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 2 cob(II)alamin + A + 2 H2O + 2 H(+) = 2 aquacob(III)alamin + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, MTRRinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• lithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and lithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• iodideReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and iodide (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, SLC26A4extracellular space, cytosolOne of 25 routes

• oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, ACLYperoxisome, cytosolOne of 10 routes

• nitric oxideReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A6, NOS3, NOS1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• selaneReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SCLYinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. Acetaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, ALDH3A1, ALDH3B1, ALDH1A3 and 2 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-phenylacetamideReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-phenylalanine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A5, EPXextracellular space, cytosol

• anthranilateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, KYNUinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• D-alanyl-D-alanineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Formation of Alanylalanine

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC3A2, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosol

• Met-tRNA(Met)Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A5, MARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• (S)-lactateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, AGXT2, LDHA and 4 more

• 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTPReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. CTP + AH2 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTP + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, RSAD2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• pyridoxineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. pyridoxine-5'-phosphate phosphohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SCLY, PHOSPHO2, PDXPinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A5, AADATextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A5, CNDP2extracellular space, cytosol

• tryptamineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A5, DDCextracellular space, cytosol

• (S)-2-hydroxyglutarateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, L2HGDHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• formaldehydeReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase
  3. sarcosine:oxygen oxidoreductase (demethylating)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GNMT, PIPOX, SARDHcytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• 3-fumarylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. 3-fumarylpyruvate + H2O = fumarate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, AGXT2, FAHD1

• trans-1,2-dithiane-4,5-diolReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. selenocysteine lyase (dithiothreitol)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SCLYinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• creatineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GATM, GAMTcytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-acetyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-threonine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-glutamine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-glutamine(in)
  3. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC1A5, SLC7A13, NAT8Linner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• bilirubin IXalphaReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of bilirubin and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• oxalic acidReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
  3. Glyoxylate:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, DAO, HAO1peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. Acetaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. transport of (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate and acetate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, ALDH3A1, ALDH3B1, ALDH1A3 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• taurolithocholateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and taurolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxypyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. L-serine + pyruvate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, AGXT2, AGXTOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17208Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSScytosol

• homocysteineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. Formation of Homocystine

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSScytosol

• L-glutamic 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. L-Ornithine:2-oxo-acid aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GATM, OATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 17alpha-hydroxyprogesteroneReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. Acetaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, ALDH3A1, ALDH3B1, ALDH1A3 and 2 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• anilineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, NAT2, NAT1peroxisome, cytosol