CHEBI:17380

Three steps

• N-decanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. decanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-decanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by KMO, KYAT3, AADAT, GLYATL2cytosol

• N-octanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. octanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by KMO, KYAT3, AADAT, GLYATL2cytosol

• D-histidineReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = D-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A6, SLC25A2cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-homoarginineReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-homoarginine(in) + L-arginine(out) = L-homoarginine(out) + L-arginine(in)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A6, SLC25A29cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• L-homocarnosineReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Formation of homocarnosine

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A6, CARNS1cytosol, extracellular space

• N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + glycine + ATP = N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by KMO, KYAT3, AADAT, GARTcytosol

• L-cystine-bis-glycineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine

  Catalysed by KMO, KYAT3, AADAT, DPEP1 and 1 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• glycyldehydrophenylalanineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine

  Catalysed by KMO, KYAT3, AADAT, DPEP1cytosol

• 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + L-glutamine + ATP + H2O = 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + L-glutamate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• kinetensinReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. Chymase

  Catalysed by KMO, SLC7A8, CMA1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• an N-(fatty acyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by KMO, KYAT3, AADAT, GLYATL2cytosol

• N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by KMO, KYAT3, AADAT, GLYATL2cytosol

• (7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase ((7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by KYNU, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15345Reach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by KYNU, AACScytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• cholineReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by KYNU, CHATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix, nucleusOne of 2 routes

• acetylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. acetylpyruvate + H2O = acetate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, FAHD1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• all-trans-retinoic acidReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15380Reach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. 5-aminolevulinate synthase (2-amino-3-oxoadipate)

  Catalysed by KYNU, ALAS1, CPNE7cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• CHEBI:15477Reach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by KYNU, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 2-methylcrotonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Production of Tiglylcarnitine

  Catalysed by KYNU, CPT1A, CPT1Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• isobutyryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxo-4-methyl-pentanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by KYNU, HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. glycine-N-acyltransferase (3-methylcrotonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by KYNU, GLYATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• isovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (isovalerylglycine)

  Catalysed by KYNU, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• arachidonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Arachidonate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• CHEBI:15519Reach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by KYNU, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• palmitoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• oleoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Transport of octadecenoyl-CoA into Mitochondrial Matrix

  Catalysed by KYNU, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• phenylacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Phenylacetate:CoA ligase

  Catalysed by KYNUcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• propionyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by KYNU, ACSS3, ACSS2, ACSS1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 43 routes

• (S)-malateReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, ME2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15611Reach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by KMO, KYAT3, AADAT, GNMTcytosol

• CHEBI:15650Reach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion

  Catalysed by KYNU, ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2 and 29 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• trimethylenediamineReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. deoxyhypusine synthase (1,3-diaminopropane)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A6, DHPScytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:15727Reach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)

  Catalysed by KYNU, NAA10cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• formateReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  3. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)

  Catalysed by KMO, AFMIDcytosol

• CHEBI:15746Reach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SAT1, SAT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15765Reach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. solute carrier (L-dopa)

  Catalysed by KMO, SLC43A1, SLC3A2, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartic acidReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. carbamoyl-phosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, CADcytosol

• alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular space

• thioredoxin dithiolReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation

  Catalysed by KYNU, AARS1cytosolOne of 4 routes

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC6A14, SLC26A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• ureaReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Arginine amidinohydrolase

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A6, ARG1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• 11-cis-retinyl hexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. catalase (3-hydroxyanthranilate)
  3. 11-peroxy-docosahexaenoate to DHA conversion

  Catalysed by KYNU, CATcytosol

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoic acidReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate transaminase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, ABATcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 11-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by KYNU, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• cob(II)alaminReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 2 cob(II)alamin + A + 2 H2O + 2 H(+) = 2 aquacob(III)alamin + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, MTRRcytosol

• iodideReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A5, TPOcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 25 routes

• oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. Pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, PCcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 9 routes

• nitric oxideReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A6, NOS3, NOS1 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes