L-tyrosine

Three steps

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• benzoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  2. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation
  3. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GLYATmitochondrial matrix

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 4 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 10 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• hexadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GLYATL3

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, SUCLG1, SUCLG2 and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 14 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, CROTperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 21 routes

• phytanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. phytanate-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAATperoxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 15 routes

• prostaglandin E1Reach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E1 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin I2Reach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin I2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin F2alphaReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine
  2. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by PAH, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin H2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin D2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, GPX5, GPX1 and 7 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• D-alanineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine
  2. transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by PAH, SLC7A5, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 7,8-dihydrofolateReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AADAT, SHMT1, DHFR, DHFR2cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. 5-Formiminotetrahydrofolate:L-glutamate N-formiminotransferase

  Catalysed by AADAT, SHMT1, FTCDcytosolOne of 2 routes

• leukotriene A4Reach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and leukotriene A4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• (R)-S-lactoylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, GLO1, GLOD4cytosolOne of 3 routes

• carnosineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine
  2. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  3. beta-alanine + L-histidine + ATP = carnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by PAH, SLC7A8, CARNS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 4-guanidinobutanoateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine
  2. transport of arginine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 4-aminobutanoate + L-arginine = 4-guanidinobutanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by PAH, SLC7A6, GATMextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxoadipateReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine + 2-oxoglutarate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + L-glutamate
  2. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  3. L-2-aminoadipate + glyoxylate = 2-oxoadipate + glycine

  Catalysed by TAT, AADAT

• 3-guanidinopropanoateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine
  2. transport of arginine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by PAH, SLC7A6, GATMextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• D-ornithineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine
  2. transport of ornithine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-ornithine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-ornithine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by PAH, SLC7A6, SLC25A2extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine
  2. transport of cysteine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by PAH, SLC7A5, GOT2, GOT1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• S-formylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, ADH1C, ADH1A and 4 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3',5'-cyclic GMPReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine
  2. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3',5'-cyclic GMP(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3',5'-cyclic GMP(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by PAH, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2 and 2 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• D-threonineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine
  2. transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by PAH, SLC7A5, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, SAT1, SAT2peroxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• hypotaurineReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tyrosine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  2. transport of 3-sulfinoalanine and aspartate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. 3-sulfino-L-alanine + H(+) = hypotaurine + CO2

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, SLC25A12, SLC25A13, GADL1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-sulfo-D-glucosamineReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tyrosine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. N-sulfo-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + sulfate

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, SLC25A14, SLC25A30, SGSHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tyrosine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, SLC25A14, SLC25A30, STSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-threonineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine
  2. transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by PAH, SLC7A5, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 8 routes

• L-saccharopineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine
  2. transport of lysine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N6-(L-1,3-Dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)

  Catalysed by PAH, SLC7A6, AASSextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• dimethylamineReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. Nomega,Nomega'-dimethyl-L-arginine dimethylamidohydrolase

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT2, DDAH1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• IMPReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tyrosine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  2. IMP:L-aspartate ligase (GDP-forming)
  3. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, ADSS2, ADSS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• taurocyamineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine
  2. transport of arginine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by PAH, SLC7A6, GATMextracellular space, cytosol

• L-glutamate 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine
  2. transport of ornithine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-ornithine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by PAH, SLC7A6, OATextracellular space, cytosol

• 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine
  2. transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by PAH, SLC7A5, KYNUextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• porphobilinogenReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  2. succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)
  3. 5-aminolevulinate hydro-lyase (adding 5-aminolevulinate and cyclizing

  Catalysed by AADAT, ALAS1, ALAS2, CPNE7 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, NAGSperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• 3',5'-cyclic AMPReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine
  2. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3',5'-cyclic AMP(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3',5'-cyclic AMP(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by PAH, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine
  2. transport of cysteine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-glutamate:L-cysteine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by PAH, SLC7A5, GCLC, GCLMextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 6-amino-2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine
  2. transport of lysine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-lysine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by PAH, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosol, peroxisome