L-cysteine

Two steps

• Gln-tRNA(Gln)Reach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Glutamine:tRNA(Gln) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10, QARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• isocyanateReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-citrulline + H(+) = isocyanate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, LACC1extracellular space, cytosol

• a thiolReach from here →
  1. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  2. L-cysteinyl-[sulfatase] + 2 a thiol + O2 = an organic disulfide + 3-oxo-L-alanyl-[sulfatase] + hydrogen sulfide + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CTH, SUMF1cytosol

• Asn-tRNA(Asn)Reach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Asparagine:tRNA(Asn) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, NARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, BAATextracellular space, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 5 routes

• cholateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• D-aspartateReach from here →
  1. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  2. D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D-aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC1A1, SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. L-Cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase
  2. transport of 3-sulfinoalanine and aspartate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by CDO1, SLC25A12, SLC25A13cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 26 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CTH, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:30249Reach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, IDO1, TDO2, IDO2extracellular space, cytosol

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CTH, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  2. transport of propanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CTH, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  2. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CTH, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  2. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by CTH, AGXTcytosolOne of 2 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  No catalyst recordedcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• L-lysineReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC7A7extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

• D-lysineReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. D-lysine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-lysine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC25A2extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• putrescineReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A7extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• D-arginineReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. D-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC25A2extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  2. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by CTH, AGXT2cytosol

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase

  Catalysed by GOT2, GOT1, MPST, TSTcytosolOne of 4 routes

• 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Methionine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, IL4I1extracellular space, cytosol

• tetra-mu3-sulfido-tetrairon(2+)Reach from here →
  1. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  2. Synthesis of 4Fe4S from 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN, FDX2 and 9 moremitochondrial matrix

• serotoninReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-isoleucine + 2-oxoglutarate = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, BCAT2, BCAT1extracellular space, cytosol

• D-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-serineReach from here →
  1. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by CTH, SRRcytosolOne of 11 routes

• 5-aminolevulinateReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. succinyl-CoA + glycine + H(+) = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, ALAS1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, BCAT1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvateReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GOT2, GOT1, TATextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, BAATextracellular space, cytosol

• taurocholateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, BAATextracellular space, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• glyoxylateReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, AADATextracellular space, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• glycolithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (glycine)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, BAATextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetyl-CoA:glycine C-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, GCATextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (R)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  2. (R)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CTH, LDHDcytosol

• (S)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  2. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CTH, LDHB, LDHAL6Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 2-iminopropanoateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  2. 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by CTH, RIDAcytosol

• phosphoenolpyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by CTH, PKM, PKLRcytosol

• N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acidReach from here →
  1. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)

  Catalysed by CTH, NPLcytosol

• gamma-Glu-AlaReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• S(8)-aminomethyldihydrolipoamideReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase ([protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, GLDC and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• taurineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  2. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by NAGS, BAATmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of GSH and triiodothyronine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• a 3-acylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CTH, FAHD1cytosol

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  2. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by NAGS, ALDH6A1mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  2. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by NAGSmitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  2. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by NAGS, ACP2mitochondrial matrix, lysosomeOne of 2 routes