L-arginine

Three steps

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• maleateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. maleate(in) + sulfate(out) = maleate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (9Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. (9Z)-octadecenoate + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GLYATL3, GLYATL2, FAAH and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AGXT2, AGXTextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• an alcoholReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, CP, PRDX6extracellular space, cytosol

• isocitric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A1extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. L-Arginine amidinohydrolase
  2. Peroxidase
  3. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)

  Catalysed by ARG1, MPO, SLC22A8cytosol, nucleus, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• (2R,3R)-tartrateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (2R,3R)-tartrate(in) + sulfate(out) = (2R,3R)-tartrate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (S,S)-tartrateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S,S)-tartrate(in) + sulfate(out) = (S,S)-tartrate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3R)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (3R)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3R)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3S)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (3S)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3S)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 6 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSSextracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• nicotinateReach from here →
  1. L-Arginine amidinohydrolase
  2. Peroxidase
  3. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)

  Catalysed by ARG1, MPO, SLC22A12, SLC22A13cytosol, nucleus, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• cis-aconitic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A1extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)
  2. Carbamoyl-phosphate:L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase
  3. carbamoyl phosphate + L-aspartate = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by NOS3, NOS1, NOS2, OTC and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AGXT2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• methylarsonateReach from here →
  1. L-cystine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, GSTO1, GSTO2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  2. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  3. transport of fumarate and thiosulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by ASL, SLC25A10cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 9 routes

• tetra-mu3-sulfido-tetrairon(2+)Reach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. Synthesis of 4Fe4S from 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 10 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• serotoninReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• 2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-arginine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-arginine(in)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. 2-oxohexanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = L-2-aminohexanoate + 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• an acylcholineReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. an acylcholine + H2O = a carboxylate + choline + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC5A7, BCHEextracellular space, cytosol

• L-alpha-aminobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-threonine ammonia-lyase (2-oxobutanoate-forming)
  3. glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ((S)-2-aminobutanoate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SDS, SDSL, GPTextracellular space, cytosol

• taurocholateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• taurodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC6A6, BAATextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxyanthranilateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, KYNUextracellular space, cytosol

• N-formylanthranilic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
  3. Formylkynurenine hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, IDO1, TDO2, IDO2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 3-hydroxyisovaleric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate decarboxylation

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, SLC7A7, BCAT2 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• D-glucopyranose 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)
  2. Carbamoyl-phosphate:L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase
  3. glucose-6-phosphatase (carbamoyl-phosphate)

  Catalysed by NOS3, NOS1, NOS2, OTC and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, endoplasmic reticulum

• (R)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (R)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AGXT2, LDHDextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (S)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. L-Arginine amidinohydrolase
  2. Peroxidase
  3. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ARG1, MPO, SLC22A12cytosol, nucleus, extracellular spaceOne of 8 routes

• 25-hydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, CH25Hextracellular space, cytosol

• (6R)-L-erythro-6,7-dihydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  3. (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin = (6R)-L-erythro-6,7-dihydrobiopterin + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, TPH1, TPH2, PCBD1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-iminopropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AGXT2, RIDAextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• phosphoenolpyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AGXT2, PKM, PKLRextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• spermineReach from here →
  1. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter
  2. S-adenosylmethioninamine:putrescine 3-aminopropyltransferase
  3. S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine + spermidine = spermine + S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A7, SRM, SMSextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AGXT2, NPLextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• tert-butanolReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. tert-butyl hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = tert-butanol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, CLIC2, GPX1 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-methyl-1-hydroxypropylthiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and valine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Valine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, BCAT2, BCKDHA, BCKDHBextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-oneReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  3. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + formate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AADAT, ADI1extracellular space, cytosol

• all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinolReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, RETSATextracellular space, cytosol

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and triiodothyronine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO3extracellular space, cytosol

• a 3-acylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AGXT2, FAHD1extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, ALDH6A1extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, ACP2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, ACAA1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes