glutathione

Three steps

• malonaldehydeReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of prostaglandin H2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thromboxane A synthase (12(S)-HHT)

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• a 3-acylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
  3. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, TST, FAHD1cytosol

• (S)-malyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. (S)-malate + ATP + CoA = (S)-malyl-CoA + ADP + phosphate

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SLC25A10, SUCLG1, SUCLA2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + ATP + CoA = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 12 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. glycocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = glycocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate

  Catalysed by ABCC4, SLC22A24, SUGCTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• 15-oxoprostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. prostaglandin E2 + NAD(+) = 15-oxoprostaglandin E2 + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 15-oxoprostaglandin E1Reach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E1 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (13E)-(15S)-11alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate:NADP+ 15-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 15-oxoprostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of prostaglandin D2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 15-dehydro-prostaglandin D2 reduction

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• D-alanineReach from here →
  1. glutathione + H2O = L-cysteinylglycine + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by GGT3P, GGT1, GGT5, GGT6 and 4 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• sarcosineReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  3. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2

  Catalysed by ESD, ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5 and 4 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• thromboxane A2Reach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thromboxane A2 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 4 routes

• (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 7,8-dihydrofolateReach from here →
  1. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O
  2. (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (5S,11R)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O
  3. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by PTGES, MGST3, GPX1, GPX2 and 4 more

• (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 2 morecytosol

• leukotriene E4Reach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 + H2O = leukotriene D4 + L-glutamate
  3. leukotriene D4 + H2O = leukotriene E4 + glycine

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 4 more

• XMPReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  2. xanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = urate + NADH + H(+)
  3. XMP:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, XDH, HPRT1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• (13S)-hydroperoxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
  3. 13(S)-HPODE to 13-oxy-radical-octadecadienoate conversion

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SUOXmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-(N(omega)-L-arginino)succinateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. transport of fumarate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SLC25A10, ASLmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotideReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  2. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  3. 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + nicotinate + ATP + H2O = nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotide + ADP + phosphate + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, SLC22A12, NAPRTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-dopaReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-dopa + H(+) = dopamine + CO2

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMPReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. transport of fumarate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP AMP-lyase (fumarate-forming)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SLC25A10, ADSL, TNRC6Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-histidineReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• dihydroxyacetone phosphateReach from here →
  1. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol
  2. a quinol + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c](out) = a quinone + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c](out) + 2 H(+)(out)
  3. a quinone + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + a quinol

  Catalysed by SQOR, CYC1, UQCRFS1, GPD2outer side of the membrane

• an N-acylglycineReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. an acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-acylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 3 morecytosol

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
  3. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, TST, AGXT2cytosol

• guanidinoacetateReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3',5'-cyclic GMPReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3',5'-cyclic GMP(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3',5'-cyclic GMP(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-threonineReach from here →
  1. glutathione + H2O = L-cysteinylglycine + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by GGT3P, GGT1, GGT5, GGT6 and 4 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
  3. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, TST, TYW1B and 1 morecytosolOne of 19 routes

• N-sulfo-D-glucosamineReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
  3. N-sulfo-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + sulfate

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SUOX, SGSHmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  3. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, CBS, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 13 routes

• L-threonineReach from here →
  1. glutathione + H2O = L-cysteinylglycine + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by GGT3P, GGT1, GGT5, GGT6 and 4 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. glutathione + H2O = L-cysteinylglycine + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGT3P, GGT1, GGT5, GGT6 and 4 morecytosol

• beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. glutathione + H2O = L-cysteinylglycine + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by GGT3P, GGT1, GGT5, GGT6 and 4 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  3. transport of asparagine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, CBS, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 14 routes

• L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  3. transport of cysteine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, CBS, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 19 routes

• 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. glutathione + H2O = L-cysteinylglycine + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGT3P, GGT1, GGT5, GGT6 and 4 morecytosol

• 3',5'-cyclic AMPReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3',5'-cyclic AMP(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3',5'-cyclic AMP(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  3. L-glutamate:L-cysteine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, CBS, GCLC, GCLMcytosolOne of 2 routes

• adenosine 5'-phosphosulfateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
  3. ATP:sulfate adenylyltransferase

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SUOX, PAPSS1, PAPSS2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 1 morecytosol

• N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. transport of fumarate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. 1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-imidazole AMP-lyase

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SLC25A10, ADSLmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• kynurenateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, AADATOne of 5 routes

• S-sulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  3. 2 L-cysteine = S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by TSTD1, CBS, CARS2cytosol

• N(tau)-methylhistamineReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:histamine N-tele-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• N-formyl-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, AFMID