glyoxylate

Three steps

• prostaglandin F2alphaReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin F2alpha (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 8 routes

• prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin H2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• prostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin D2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, GPX5, GPX1 and 7 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• D-alanineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 7,8-dihydrofolateReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AADAT, SHMT1, DHFR, DHFR2cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. 5-Formiminotetrahydrofolate:L-glutamate N-formiminotransferase

  Catalysed by AADAT, SHMT1, FTCDcytosolOne of 2 routes

• leukotriene A4Reach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and leukotriene A4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• 2-(N(omega)-L-arginino)succinateReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A6, ASLextracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• (R)-S-lactoylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, GLO1, GLOD4cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 4-guanidinobutanoateReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 4-aminobutanoate + L-arginine = 4-guanidinobutanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A6, GATMextracellular space, cytosol

• L-dopaReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of glycine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-dopa(out) + L-phenylalanine(in) = L-dopa(in) + L-phenylalanine(out)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, SLC7A8extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMPReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
  2. (S)-malate hydro-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  3. N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP AMP-lyase (fumarate-forming)

  Catalysed by CLYBL, FH, ADSL, TNRC6BcytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-guanidinopropanoateReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A6, GATMextracellular space, cytosol

• L-histidineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GATM, SLC25A2cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• D-ornithineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. D-ornithine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-ornithine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GATM, SLC25A2cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• S-formylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, ADH1C, ADH1A and 4 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• 3',5'-cyclic GMPReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3',5'-cyclic GMP(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3',5'-cyclic GMP(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, SLC22A8, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2 and 2 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• D-threonineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, NPL, CMAScytosol, nucleusOne of 2 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, SAT1, SAT2peroxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• N-sulfo-D-glucosamineReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + O2 + H2O = oxalate + H2O2 + H(+)
  2. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. N-sulfo-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + sulfate

  Catalysed by HAO1, SLC25A14, SLC26A2, SLC25A30 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + O2 + H2O = oxalate + H2O2 + H(+)
  2. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by HAO1, SLC25A14, SLC26A2, SLC25A30 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• L-dopaquinoneReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of glycine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tyrosine,L-dopa:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, TYRextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-saccharopineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N6-(L-1,3-Dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A6, AASSextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, SLC6A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  2. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. hydroxypyruvate aldose-ketose-isomerase

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, HYIcytosolOne of 2 routes

• dimethylamineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. Nomega,Nomega'-dimethyl-L-arginine dimethylamidohydrolase

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT2, DDAH1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• taurocyamineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A6, GATMextracellular space, cytosol

• L-glutamate 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. L-ornithine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by AADAT, GATM, OATcytosol

• 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• porphobilinogenReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)
  3. 5-aminolevulinate hydro-lyase (adding 5-aminolevulinate and cyclizing

  Catalysed by AADAT, ALAS1, ALAS2, CPNE7 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, NAGSperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• 3',5'-cyclic AMPReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3',5'-cyclic AMP(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3',5'-cyclic AMP(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, SLC22A8, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-glutamate:L-cysteine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 6-amino-2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-lysine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosol, peroxisome

• L-homocysteineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, BHMT2extracellular space, cytosol

• carbamoyl phosphateReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of glutamine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. HCO3-:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, CADextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• adenosine 5'-phosphosulfateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + O2 + H2O = oxalate + H2O2 + H(+)
  2. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. ATP:sulfate adenylyltransferase

  Catalysed by HAO1, SLC25A14, SLC26A2, SLC25A30 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N,N-dimethylglycineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolyl-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) + N,N-dimethylglycine + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + H(+) = (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolyl-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) + sarcosine + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein]

  Catalysed by AADAT, PIPOX, DMGDH

• S-methyl-L-methionineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, BHMT2extracellular space, cytosol

• N-acetylputrescineReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (2R)-2-phosphoglycerateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase (phosphoenolpyruvate-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, PKM, PKLR and 3 morecytosol

• glutathione disulfideReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, GPX5, GPX1 and 7 morecytosolOne of 36 routes

• taurolithocholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and sulfotaurolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• an acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2 and 2 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes