hydrogen sulfide

Three steps

• glyoxylic acidReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space, peroxisome

• ferrocytochrome cReach from here →
  1. Sulfide:glutathione,quinone oxidoreductase
  2. Persulfide dioxygenase
  3. sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SQOR, ETHE1, SUOXmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-acetyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. hydrogen sulfide + 2 O2 = sulfate + H(+)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SOD1, SLC25A14, SLC25A30, NAT8Linner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• bilirubin IXalphaReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of bilirubin and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. transport of (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CBS, CTH, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (R)-lactaldehydeReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. (R)-S-lactoylglutathione = methylglyoxal + glutathione
  3. (R)-Lactaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase (glutathione-formylating)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, GLO1, ADH1C, ADH1A and 5 morecytosol

• taurolithocholateReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of GSH and taurolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• 3-hydroxypyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. L-serine + pyruvate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by CBS, CTH, AGXTcytosol

• CHEBI:17208Reach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CBScytosolOne of 2 routes

• homocysteineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. Formation of Homocystine

  Catalysed by CBScytosol

• L-glutamic 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Ornithine:2-oxo-acid aminotransferase

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A6, OATcytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• estroneReach from here →
  1. hydrogen sulfide + 2 O2 = sulfate + H(+)
  2. estrone 3-sulfate + H2O = estrone + sulfate + H(+)
  3. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase

  Catalysed by SOD1, STScytosolOne of 3 routes

• propanoateReach from here →
  1. hydrogen sulfide + 2 O2 = sulfate + H(+)
  2. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)
  3. propanoate(out) + dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) = propanoate(in) + dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out)

  Catalysed by SOD1, STS, SLC22A9inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• anilineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. Acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by CBS, NAGS, NAT2, NAT1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• aceneuramateReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. aceneuramate = aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by CBS, CTH, NPLcytosol

• CHEBI:17312Reach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion

  Catalysed by CBS, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 5'-deoxyadenosineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O

  Catalysed by CBS, CTH, TYW1B, TYW1cytosol

• all-trans-retinolReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2

  Catalysed by CBS, MOCOS, RETSATcytosol

• CHEBI:17380Reach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 3-Hydroxy-L-Kynurenine

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-proline:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A5, PRODH2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• agmatineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of arginine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-arginine carboxy-lyase (agmatine-forming)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• enol-oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. transport of malate and thiosulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. (S)-malate + a quinone = enol-oxaloacetate + a quinol

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SLC25A10, SDHB, SDHAmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• AH2Reach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A5, MOCOScytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 24 routes

• 5-aminolevulinic acidReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• indole-3-pyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan + O2 + H2O = indole-3-pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A5, IL4I1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. hydrogen sulfide + 2 O2 = sulfate + H(+)
  2. Steryl-Sulfatase
  3. Steryl-Sulfatase

  Catalysed by SOD1, STSGolgi apparatusOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:3->C16:3), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by CBS, NAGS, HADHA, ACADVL and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• xanthineReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. xanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = urate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SLC22A13, XDHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17724Reach from here →
  1. methanethiol + O2 + H2O = hydrogen sulfide + formaldehyde + H2O2 + H(+)
  2. methanethiol + O2 + H2O = hydrogen sulfide + formaldehyde + H2O2 + H(+)
  3. dimethylglycine dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)

  Catalysed by SELENBP1, PDPR, DMGDHcytosol

• Ala-tRNA(Ala)Reach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A5, AARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• glycine betaineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of betaine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC6A14, SLC6A12cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• trans-urocanateReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A6, HALcytosol, extracellular space

• 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2cytosol, extracellular space

• 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A9, SLC3A1, BCAT2cytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:17927Reach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion

  Catalysed by CBS, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• butanoateReach from here →
  1. hydrogen sulfide + 2 O2 = sulfate + H(+)
  2. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)
  3. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) + butanoate(out) = dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out) + butanoate(in)

  Catalysed by SOD1, STS, SLC22A9inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• ubiquinolReach from here →
  1. ubiquinone-10 + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+) = ubiquinol-10 + thiosulfate
  2. 3-demethylubiquinol-10 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = ubiquinol-10 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+)
  3. coenzyme Q3, methyltransferase (3-demethylubiquinol-10)

  Catalysed by SQOR, COQ3mitochondrial matrix

• 3-phenylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Phenylalanine Transaminase, Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A5, GOT2, TATcytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 4-fumarylacetoacetateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. transport of fumarate and thiosulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. 4-fumarylacetoacetate + H2O = acetoacetate + fumarate + H(+)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SLC25A10, FAHmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 5-hydroxyisourateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. urate:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SLC22A13inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• dTDPReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by CBS, CTH, PKM, PKLRcytosol

• CHEBI:18095Reach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of Hydroxy-Proline

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A5, SLC1A4cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:18183Reach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. L-glutamate:L-cysteine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (gamma-glutamyl-cysteine)

  Catalysed by CBS, GCLC, GCLM, GGCT and 1 morecytosol

• N-carbamoyl-beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 3-Ureidopropionate

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5-Phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 2-phenylethylamineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-phenylalanine carboxy-lyase (phenylethylamine-forming)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A5, DDCcytosol, extracellular space

• hydrogen cyanideReach from here →
  1. Sulfide:glutathione,quinone oxidoreductase
  2. Persulfide dioxygenase
  3. thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtranserase

  Catalysed by SQOR, ETHE1, MPST, TSTmitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5'-Phosphoribosylformylglycinamide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• ophthalmateReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glycine + ATP = ophthalmate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• S-methylmercury-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(out) + L-methionine(in) = S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(in) + L-methionine(out)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A5, SLC7A8cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes