CHEBI:17203

Three steps

• 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acidReach from here →
  1. Aspartate Intake by System Asct-1 Transporter
  2. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. D-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by GOT2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (2R,3R)-tartrateReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Proline by the Apical Imino Amino Acid Transporters
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (2R,3R)-tartrate(in) + sulfate(out) = (2R,3R)-tartrate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by CLTRN, SLC6A20, SLC26A6, SLC25A14 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (S,S)-tartrateReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Proline by the Apical Imino Amino Acid Transporters
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S,S)-tartrate(in) + sulfate(out) = (S,S)-tartrate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by CLTRN, SLC6A20, SLC26A6, SLC25A14 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3R)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Proline by the Apical Imino Amino Acid Transporters
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (3R)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3R)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by CLTRN, SLC6A20, SLC26A6, SLC25A14 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3S)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Proline by the Apical Imino Amino Acid Transporters
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (3S)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3S)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by CLTRN, SLC6A20, SLC26A6, SLC25A14 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoateReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Proline by the Apical Imino Amino Acid Transporters
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by CLTRN, SLC6A20, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 6 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of phenylalanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + L-phenylalanine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + L-phenylalanine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• cis-aconitic acidReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Proline by the Apical Imino Amino Acid Transporters
  2. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2

  Catalysed by CLTRN, SLC6A20, SLC26A6, SLC25A1extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GOT2, GOT1, MPST and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• tetra-mu3-sulfido-tetrairon(2+)Reach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. Synthesis of 4Fe4S from 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 10 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• serotoninReach from here →
  1. transport of proline and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Tryptophan, Tetrahydrobiopterin:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (5-Hydroxylating)
  3. 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by ABCA1, SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• an acylcholineReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Proline by the Apical Imino Amino Acid Transporters
  2. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. an acylcholine + H2O = a carboxylate + choline + H(+)

  Catalysed by CLTRN, SLC6A20, SLC5A7, BCHEextracellular space, cytosol

• L-alpha-aminobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of proline and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-threonine ammonia-lyase (2-oxobutanoate-forming)
  3. glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ((S)-2-aminobutanoate)

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, GPTextracellular space, cytosol

• taurocholateReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• taurodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Proline by the Apical Imino Amino Acid Transporters
  2. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by CLTRN, SLC6A20, SLC6A6, BAATextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxyanthranilateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, KYNUextracellular space, cytosol

• N-formylanthranilic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of proline and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
  3. Formylkynurenine hydrolase

  Catalysed by ABCA1, SLC7A5, IDO1, TDO2 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 3-hydroxyisovaleric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of leucine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate decarboxylation

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, BCAT2, ALOX12B, ALOXE3extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• D-glucopyranose 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. HCO3-:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating)
  3. glucose-6-phosphatase (carbamoyl-phosphate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CAD, G6PC2extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• (R)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (R)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, LDHDextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (S)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, LDHB, LDHAL6Bextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• 25-hydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, MOCOS, CH25Hextracellular space, cytosol

• (6R)-L-erythro-6,7-dihydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. transport of proline and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  3. (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin = (6R)-L-erythro-6,7-dihydrobiopterin + H2O

  Catalysed by ABCA1, SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-iminopropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, RIDAextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• phosphoenolpyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, PKM, PKLRextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, NPLextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• tert-butanolReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. tert-butyl hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = tert-butanol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, GSS, CLIC2 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-methyl-1-hydroxypropylthiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of proline and valine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Valine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, BCAT2, BCKDHA, BCKDHBextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-oneReach from here →
  1. transport of methionine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  3. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + formate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AADAT, ADI1extracellular space, cytosol

• all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinolReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, MOCOS, RETSATextracellular space, cytosol

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO3extracellular space, cytosol

• a 3-acylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, FAHD1extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, ALDH6A1extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, ACP2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, ACAA1, MYO5Bextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• benzoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation
  3. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, GLYATextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 10 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• hexadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, GLYATL3extracellular space, cytosol

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 12 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SUCLG1, SUCLG2, SUCLA2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 14 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 12 routes

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CROTextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 21 routes