formate

Three steps

• prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin H2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin D2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ESD, GPX5, GPX1, GPX2 and 6 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 7,8-dihydrofolateReach from here →
  1. formaldehyde + NAD(+) + H2O = formate + NADH + 2 H(+)
  2. formaldehyde to 5,10-methylene-THF conversion
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUMP C-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by ALDH9A1, TYMScytosol

• 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + formate + ATP = (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + ADP + phosphate
  2. (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + NADP(+) + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + CO2 + NADPH + H(+)
  3. 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate + L-glutamate = N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate + (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

  Catalysed by MTHFD1, MTHFD1L, ALDH1L1, ALDH1L2 and 1 moreOne of 2 routes

• leukotriene A4Reach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and leukotriene A4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (R)-S-lactoylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)

  Catalysed by ESD, GLO1, GLOD4cytosolOne of 3 routes

• quercetinReach from here →
  1. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate + CO + formate + 2 H(+)
  2. acireductone dioxygenase
  3. quercetin + O2 = 2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyloxy)-4,6-dihydroxybenzoate + CO

  Catalysed by ADI1, PIRcytosol

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  3. 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-methionine + H2O

  Catalysed by AFMID, AADATOne of 9 routes

• N-sulfo-D-glucosamineReach from here →
  1. oxalate(in) + formate(out) = oxalate(out) + formate(in)
  2. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. N-sulfo-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + sulfate

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC26A2, SLC25A30 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. oxalate(in) + formate(out) = oxalate(out) + formate(in)
  2. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC26A2, SLC25A30 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-alanineReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  3. L-Kynurenine hydrolase

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYNUcytosolOne of 6 routes

• leukotriene C4Reach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. leukotriene C4 synthase (GSH)

  Catalysed by ESD, LTC4ScytosolOne of 5 routes

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  3. transport of asparagine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AFMID, IDO1, TDO2, IDO2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• IMPReach from here →
  1. (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + formate + ATP = (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + ADP + phosphate
  2. (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide = 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide + (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate
  3. IMP + H2O = 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

  Catalysed by MTHFD1, MTHFD1L, ATIC

• L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  3. Transport of L-Kynurenine

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC7A8extracellular space, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  3. L-kynurenine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP(+) + H2O

  Catalysed by AFMID, KMO

• adenosine 5'-phosphosulfateReach from here →
  1. oxalate(in) + formate(out) = oxalate(out) + formate(in)
  2. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. ATP:sulfate adenylyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC26A2, SLC25A30 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N,N-dimethylglycineReach from here →
  1. formaldehyde + NAD(+) + H2O = formate + NADH + 2 H(+)
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolyl-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) + N,N-dimethylglycine + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + H(+) = (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolyl-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) + sarcosine + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein]

  Catalysed by ALDH9A1, PIPOX, DMGDH

• glutathione disulfideReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ESD, GPX5, GPX1, GPX2 and 6 morecytosolOne of 35 routes

• taurolithocholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and sulfotaurolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 5-oxo-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline

  Catalysed by ESD, CHAC2, CHAC1

• histamineReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• L-2-aminopentanoateReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O

  Catalysed by AFMID, AADAT

• L-thyroxineReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• kynurenateReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  3. Kynurenine-Oxoglutarate Transaminase

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADATmitochondrial matrixOne of 14 routes

• L-2-aminohexanoateReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  3. 2-oxohexanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminohexanoate + kynurenate + H2O

  Catalysed by AFMID, AADAT

• L-2-aminoadipateReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  3. 2-oxoadipate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminoadipate + kynurenate + H2O

  Catalysed by AFMID, AADAT

• S-sulfanylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. Sulfide:glutathione,quinone oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ESD, SQORcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• an L-alpha-amino acidReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  3. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC7A11inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• dopamineReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• glycolithocholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and sulfoglycolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• estrone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. oxalate(in) + formate(out) = oxalate(out) + formate(in)
  2. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. estrone 3-sulfate + H2O = estrone + sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC26A2, SLC25A30 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. glutathione gamma-glutamylaminopeptidase

  Catalysed by ESD, GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5 and 3 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetateReach from here →
  1. oxalate(in) + formate(out) = oxalate(out) + formate(in)
  2. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. Transport of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetate

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC26A2, SLC25A30 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• dTMPReach from here →
  1. formaldehyde + NAD(+) + H2O = formate + NADH + 2 H(+)
  2. formaldehyde to 5,10-methylene-THF conversion
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUMP C-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by ALDH9A1, TYMScytosol

• ubiquinol-10Reach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. ubiquinone-10 + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + ubiquinol-10

  Catalysed by ESD, SQOR

• (R)-noradrenalineReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  3. 2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + kynurenate + H2O

  Catalysed by AFMID, AADAT

• 20-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. Resistance-Nodulation-Cell Division (Rnd) Tcdb:2.A.60.1.2

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (9S)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. (9S)-hydroperoxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate + 2 glutathione = (9S)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by ESD, GPX1, GPX4

• ursodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and ursodeoxycholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin G2Reach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin G2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• glycodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. glycodeoxycholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycodeoxycholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, ABCC4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (12R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. (12R)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (12R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by ESD, GPX1, GPX2, GPX4

• (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by ESD, PTGES, MGST3, GPX1 and 3 more

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by ESD, GPX1, GPX4

• thromboxane B2Reach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and thromboxane B2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1B1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• an S-substituted glutathioneReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, GSTT4, GSTA4, GSTZ1 and 20 moreOne of 2 routes