glutathione

Three steps

• CHEBI:16523Reach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• protein polypeptide chainReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  3. PROTEIN_BS

  Catalysed by TSTD1, CBScytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:16633Reach from here →
  1. glutathione + H2O = L-cysteinylglycine + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by GGT3P, GGT1, GGT5, GGT6 and 4 morecytosol

• quinolinic acidReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
  3. Transport of Quinolinic Acid

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SUOX, SLC22A6mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• cyanamideReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  2. Peroxidase
  3. urea = cyanamide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, MPO, CA1, CA2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, nucleus

• dopamine quinoneReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, lysosomeOne of 4 routes

• orotic acidReach from here →
  1. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol
  2. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol
  3. (S)-dihydroorotate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SQOR, DHODHcytosol

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  2. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  3. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, SLC22A12, CNDP2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
  3. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, TST, AGXT2cytosol

• 2-oxoglutaramateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
  3. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, TST, KYAT1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-fumarylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
  3. 3-fumarylpyruvate + H2O = fumarate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, TST, FAHD1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:16857Reach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  3. transport of cysteine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, CBS, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• glyoxylic acidReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 1 morecytosol, peroxisome

• oxalic acidReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
  3. transport of oxalate and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SUOX, SLC26A6mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular space

• propane-1,2-diolReach from here →
  1. (R)-S-lactoylglutathione = methylglyoxal + glutathione
  2. (R)-Lactaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase (glutathione-formylating)
  3. aldose reductase (D-lactaldehyde)

  Catalysed by GLO1, ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH4 and 7 morecytosol

• (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
  3. transport of (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, TST, SLC16A4 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• nicotinamideReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  2. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  3. nicotinate + NADP(+) = NAADP(+) + nicotinamide

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, SLC22A12, CD38inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3-hydroxypyruvateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
  3. L-serine + pyruvate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, TST, AGXTcytosol

• L-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  3. transport of cysteine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, CBS, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 11 routes

• CHEBI:17203Reach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  3. transport of cysteine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, CBS, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 8 routes

• homocysteineReach from here →
  1. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  2. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. Formation of Homocystine

  Catalysed by GSR, GPX5, GPX1, GPX2 and 6 morecytosol

• itaconateReach from here →
  1. glycocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. glycocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = glycocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. itaconate + glutaryl-CoA = itaconyl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by ABCC4, SLC22A24, SUGCTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• dehydroascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate
  2. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. prostaglandin-F synthase (monodehydroascorbate)

  Catalysed by CLIC1, GSTO1, GSTO2, DBHcytosolOne of 21 routes

• estroneReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• propanoateReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. propanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out) = propanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• aceneuramateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
  3. aceneuramate = aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, TST, NPLcytosol

• 5'-deoxyadenosineReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
  3. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, TST, TYW1B and 1 morecytosol

• 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarateReach from here →
  1. glycocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. glycocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = glycocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + glutaryl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by ABCC4, SLC22A24, SUGCTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• all-trans-retinolReach from here →
  1. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O
  2. (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (5S,11R)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O
  3. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2

  Catalysed by PTGES, MGST3, GPX1, GPX2 and 4 more

• hypoxanthineReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  2. xanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = urate + NADH + H(+)
  3. hypoxanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = xanthine + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, XDHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol
  2. a quinol + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c](out) = a quinone + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c](out) + 2 H(+)(out)
  3. L-proline + a quinone = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+)

  Catalysed by SQOR, CYC1, UQCRFS1, PRODH and 1 moreouter side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• enol-oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. (S)-malate + a quinone = enol-oxaloacetate + a quinol

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SLC25A10, SDHB, SDHAmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• AH2Reach from here →
  1. glutathione + H2O = L-cysteinylglycine + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by GGT3P, GGT1, GGT5, GGT6 and 4 morecytosolOne of 20 routes

• 5-aminolevulinic acidReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfateReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. aryl sulfotransferase (PAPS)

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-thyroxine sulfateReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-thyroxine + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = L-thyroxine sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thyroxine 5'-deiodinase (3,3-diiodo-L-thyronine)

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine sulfateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
  3. Steryl-Sulfatase

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SUOX, STSmitochondrial matrix, cytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• N-acetylserotoninReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:17724Reach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  3. dimethylglycine dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)

  Catalysed by ESD, ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5 and 5 morecytosol

• Ala-tRNA(Ala)Reach from here →
  1. glutathione + H2O = L-cysteinylglycine + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by GGT3P, GGT1, GGT5, GGT6 and 4 morecytosol

• 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H(+) = serotonin + CO2

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• prostaglandin F1Reach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E1 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. prostaglandin E1 + NADPH + H(+) = prostaglandin F1 + NADP(+)

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:17895Reach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  3. transport of cysteine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, CBS, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• butanoateReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. butanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in) = butanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out)

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• ubiquinolReach from here →
  1. ubiquinone-10 + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + ubiquinol-10
  2. 3-demethylubiquinol-10 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = ubiquinol-10 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+)
  3. coenzyme Q3, methyltransferase (3-demethylubiquinol-10)

  Catalysed by SQOR, COQ3mitochondrial matrix

• CHEBI:18019Reach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  3. transport of cysteine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, CBS, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 8 routes

• thiocyanateReach from here →
  1. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtranserase

  Catalysed by GSR, TSTD1, MPST, TSTmitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• 4-fumarylacetoacetateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. transport of fumarate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. 4-fumarylacetoacetate + H2O = acetoacetate + fumarate + H(+)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SLC25A10, FAHmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  3. transport of cysteine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, CBS, SLC3A2, SLC7A5 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 14 routes