Studied for
7 endpoints, 10 findings, from 8 papers — 7 of them found no effect.
- All-cause mortalityno detected effectGrade A, Well established. Replicated human trial evidence, consistent direction.
- CD4/CD8 ratioraisesGrade A, Well established. Replicated human trial evidence, consistent direction.
- Infectious complication rateno detected effectGrade B, Likely. Human evidence, limited replication or design limits.
- C-reactive protein concentrationlowersGrade B, Likely. Human evidence, limited replication or design limits.
- Fasting blood glucoselowersGrade B, Likely. Human evidence, limited replication or design limits.
Structure
Loading the model…
- Class
- Organic compound
- Formula
- C5H10N2O3
- Mass
- 146.146 g/mol
- Charge
- 0
- InChIKey
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N
- SMILES
- NC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)O
- Look it up
- ChEBIPubChemBy InChIKey
Identity from ChEBI, geometry from PubChem. Not evidence — none of it carries a grade.
What the evidence says
How to read these marks10 findings across 7 endpoints, from 8 papers, strongest first, 7 of them null.
What moved
3 findings
Increases CD4/CD8 ratio
Well establishedGrade A, Well established. Replicated human trial evidence, consistent direction.Finding“Analysis suggested Gln enriched nutrition support could effectively increase postoperative CD3+ T-cell (MD: 3.71; 95% CI: 2.57–4.85; P < 0.05) and CD4/CD8 ratio (MD: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.12–0.42; P < 0.05) of GI cancer patients.”
Quoted verbatim from Effect of glutamine enriched nutrition support on surgical patients with gastrointestinal tumor: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Participants
- 322
- Population
- Surgical patients with gastrointestinal tumour given glutamine-enriched enteral or parenteral nutrition support, glutamine the only difference between arms per the review inclusion criteria; postoperative measurement; 5 pooled trials
Effect 0.27 mean difference, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.42
Effect of glutamine enriched nutrition support on surgical patients with gastrointestinal tumor: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.2015PMID:25591570
Decreases fasting blood glucose
LikelyGrade B, Likely. Human evidence, limited replication or design limits.Finding“Meta-analysis showed that glutamine supplementation significantly decreased significantly serum levels of FPG [SMD: - 0.73, 95% CI - 1.35, - 0.11, I2: 84.1%] and CRP [SMD: - 0.58, 95% CI - 0.1, - 0.17, I2: 0%].”
Quoted verbatim from Effect of glutamine supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors and inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- participants in randomized clinical trials of glutamine supplementation
Effect of glutamine supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors and inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.2021PMID:33865313
Decreases C-reactive protein concentration
LikelyGrade B, Likely. Human evidence, limited replication or design limits.Finding“Meta-analysis showed that glutamine supplementation significantly decreased significantly serum levels of FPG [SMD: - 0.73, 95% CI - 1.35, - 0.11, I2: 84.1%] and CRP [SMD: - 0.58, 95% CI - 0.1, - 0.17, I2: 0%].”
Quoted verbatim from Effect of glutamine supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors and inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- participants in randomized clinical trials of glutamine supplementation
Effect of glutamine supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors and inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.2021PMID:33865313
What did not
7 findings
Measured, and no effect detected. These are findings, not gaps — a trial that looked and found nothing is the most easily lost result in this field.
No detected effect on all-cause mortality
Well establishedGrade A, Well established. Replicated human trial evidence, consistent direction.FindingNull resultreplicated ×2“The mortality rate was insignificantly different between glutamine group and placebo group (22.7% vs. 36.4% respectively, p-value = 0.509) as presented in Table 4 and.”
Quoted verbatim from Ameliorative Potential of L-Alanyl L-Glutamine Dipeptide in Colon Cancer Patients Receiving Modified FOLFOX-6 Regarding the Incidence of Diarrhea, the Treatment Response, and Patients' Survival: A Randomized Controlled Trial.. - Study
- RCT
- Participants
- 44
- Dose
- 20 gm/100 mL intravenous N(2)-L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine Dipeptide (Dipeptiven) on the day 1-2 regimen every 2 weeks
- Population
- Stage II and III colon cancer patients, both arms receiving identical mFOLFOX-6 chemotherapy, randomised to intravenous L-alanyl L-glutamine dipeptide or placebo; mortality over the trial follow-up
No detected effect on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)
LikelyGrade B, Likely. Human evidence, limited replication or design limits.FindingNull result“Fasting glycemia and glycated hemoglobin A1c values before and after 60 days of supplementation with EGln or maltodextrin indicated prediabetes, but no significant differences were observed between the EGln and placebo groups.”
Quoted verbatim from Tolerability of glutamine supplementation in older adults: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.. - Study
- RCT
- Participants
- 30
- Duration
- 2 months
- Dose
- 12.4 g oral effervescent glutamine daily
- Population
- community-dwelling older adults aged over 60 from three daycare centres in Brazil; safety/tolerability endpoint, not the trial's primary outcome
Tolerability of glutamine supplementation in older adults: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.2024PMID:38808890
No detected effect on hospital length of stay
LikelyGrade B, Likely. Human evidence, limited replication or design limits.FindingNull result“The length of hospital stay was reported in 14 trials, in which a total of 2,777 patients were enrolled; however, the patient length of stay was not affected by glutamine supplementation.”
Quoted verbatim from The effect of glutamine therapy on outcomes in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Participants
- 2,777
- Population
- critically ill patients
The effect of glutamine therapy on outcomes in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.2014PMID:24401636
No detected effect on infectious complication rate
LikelyGrade B, Likely. Human evidence, limited replication or design limits.FindingNull resultreplicated ×1“GLN supplementation did not affect overall morbidity (RR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.36; p = 0.473) and infectious morbidity (RR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.38 to 1.07; p = 0.087).”
Quoted verbatim from Effect of glutamine dipeptide supplementation on primary outcomes for elective major surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- patients undergoing major elective abdominal operations
Effect of glutamine dipeptide supplementation on primary outcomes for elective major surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis.2015PMID:25584966
No detected effect on all-cause mortality
LikelyGrade B, Likely. Human evidence, limited replication or design limits.FindingNull resultreplicated ×2“The pooled data indicated that enteral Gln did not decrease the overall mortality (RR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.06 − 2.37; p = 0.300), with significant heterogeneity (I 2 = 61%).”
Quoted verbatim from Enteral glutamine supplements for patients with severe burns: A systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Participants
- 1,271
- Population
- Adults with severe burns (second- or third-degree burns over 20% or more TBSA, or 15% or more with inhalation injury) given enteral glutamine; primary endpoint; 3 pooled trials
Effect 0.37 risk ratio, 95% CI 0.06 to 2.37
Enteral glutamine supplements for patients with severe burns: A systematic review and meta-analysis.2024PMID:37460347
No detected effect on infectious complication rate
LikelyGrade B, Likely. Human evidence, limited replication or design limits.FindingNull resultreplicated ×1“When the four studies in which the researchers reported infectious complications were aggregated, enteral GLN supplementation was not associated with a reduction in infectious complications (RR 0.93, 95 % CI 0.79–1.10, p =0.39; heterogeneity I2 = 0 %) (Fig..”
Quoted verbatim from Enteral glutamine supplementation in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Participants
- 776
- Population
- Adult critically ill ICU patients given enteral glutamine against an isonitrogenous control; secondary endpoint (primary was hospital mortality); 4 pooled trials; infection defined by each source trial
Effect 0.93 risk ratio, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.1
Enteral glutamine supplementation in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.2015PMID:26283217
Show the remaining 1
No detected effect on all-cause mortality
LikelyGrade B, Likely. Human evidence, limited replication or design limits.FindingNull resultreplicated ×2“Mortality showed no significant difference between glutamine group and control group.”
Quoted verbatim from The effect of glutamine therapy on outcomes in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- critically ill patients
The effect of glutamine therapy on outcomes in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.2014PMID:24401636
What it touches on the way
A finding says L-glutamine moved an endpoint. This is the biology in between: the proteins and reactions it runs through to get there. It is where to look for the two things a list of findings cannot answer — why a result might happen, and what else acts on the same machinery.
30 of these are proteins with a page of their own, and that is the door: a protein page says what else it carries, which is how one compound leads to the next.
Mechanistic reach
30 entities
30 entities reached, most connected first. Hub metabolites are excluded, so this is not a claim that the compound touches everything.
0 reported hop30 assembled from the scaffold
- SLC38A2ProteinUNIPROT:Q96QD8transported byInferred only200 paths200 endpoints
- SLC1A5ProteinUNIPROT:Q15758transported byInferred only120 paths10 endpoints
- SLC38A1ProteinUNIPROT:Q9H2H9transported byInferred only38 paths38 endpoints
- SLC38A10ProteinUNIPROT:Q9HBR0transported byInferred only16 paths16 endpoints
- GFPT1ProteinUNIPROT:Q06210substrate ofInferred only16 paths16 endpoints
- GLS2ProteinUNIPROT:Q9UI32substrate ofInferred only12 paths12 endpoints
- GLSProteinUNIPROT:O94925substrate ofInferred only12 paths12 endpoints
- ASNSProteinUNIPROT:P08243substrate ofInferred only11 paths11 endpoints
- QARS1ProteinUNIPROT:P47897substrate ofInferred only11 paths11 endpoints
- ACY1ProteinUNIPROT:Q03154substrate ofInferred only9 paths9 endpoints
- SLC7A8ProteinUNIPROT:Q9UHI5transported byInferred only9 paths9 endpoints
- GLYATL1ProteinUNIPROT:Q969I3substrate ofInferred only9 paths9 endpoints
Show the remaining 18
- CADProteinUNIPROT:P27708substrate ofInferred only8 paths4 endpoints
- GLULProteinUNIPROT:P15104substrate ofInferred only7 paths7 endpoints
- KYAT1ProteinUNIPROT:Q16773substrate ofInferred only6 paths6 endpoints
- GFPT2ProteinUNIPROT:O94808substrate ofInferred only6 paths6 endpoints
- GMPSProteinUNIPROT:P49915substrate ofInferred only6 paths6 endpoints
- PFASProteinUNIPROT:O15067substrate ofInferred only4 paths4 endpoints
- PPATProteinUNIPROT:Q06203substrate ofInferred only4 paths4 endpoints
- PM20D1ProteinUNIPROT:Q6GTS8substrate ofInferred only4 paths4 endpoints
- NADSYN1ProteinUNIPROT:Q6IA69substrate ofInferred only4 paths4 endpoints
- SLC6A19ProteinUNIPROT:Q695T7transported byInferred only3 paths3 endpoints
- CTPS2ProteinUNIPROT:Q9NRF8substrate ofInferred only3 paths3 endpoints
- CTPS1ProteinUNIPROT:P17812substrate ofInferred only3 paths3 endpoints
- SLC38A4ProteinUNIPROT:Q969I6transported byInferred only2 paths2 endpoints
- SLC7A6ProteinUNIPROT:Q92536transported byInferred only2 paths2 endpoints
- SLC6A14ProteinUNIPROT:Q9UN76transported byInferred only2 paths2 endpoints
- SLC38A5ProteinUNIPROT:Q8WUX1transported byInferred only1 path1 endpoint
- SLC38A3ProteinUNIPROT:Q99624transported byInferred only1 path1 endpoint
- SLC38A9ProteinUNIPROT:Q8NBW4transported byInferred only1 path1 endpoint
Where it reaches
10 systems, 28 regions, 209 tissues, 281 transporter routes.
Loading the model…