L-methionine

Three steps

• N(tau)-methylhistamineReach from here →
  1. transport of histidine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:histamine N-tele-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, HDC, HNMTextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 14 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• (3S)-citramalyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)
  3. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA = itaconyl-CoA + H2O

  Catalysed by NAGS, SUCLG1, SUCLG2, SUCLA2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• L-2-aminoadipateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. 2-oxoadipate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminoadipate + kynurenate + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, KYNU, AADATextracellular space, cytosol

• phosphoenolpyruvateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)
  3. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2

  Catalysed by NAGS, ACLY, PCK1, PCK2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 5-methylsulfanyl-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + formate + 2 H(+)
  3. 5-methylsulfanyl-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate

  Catalysed by AADAT, ADI1, ENOPH1

• a (2E)-enoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  2. a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + A = a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + AH2
  3. a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + O2 = a (2E)-enoyl-CoA + H2O2

  Catalysed by CDKAL1, ACAD10, ACOX3, ACOX1 and 1 more

• S-sulfanylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. Sulfide:glutathione,quinone oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSS, SQORextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• methylamineReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + H2O = L-citrulline + methylamine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, DDAH1extracellular space, cytosol

• monodehydro-L-ascorbate radicalReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GLYATL3, GLYATL2, PAMextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AADAT, PAHextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• cyclic pyranopterin phosphateReach from here →
  1. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  2. GTP + AH2 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = (8S)-3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydroguanosine 5'-triphosphate + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + H(+)
  3. (8S)-3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydroguanosine 5'-triphosphate = cyclic pyranopterin phosphate + diphosphate

  Catalysed by CDKAL1, MOCS1

• pyridoxal 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. pyridoxine 5'-phosphate + O2 = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + H2O2

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SCLY, PNPOextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-hydroxy-4-methylvaleric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of leucine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate reduction

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, BCAT2, SDR42E2 and 17 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• an L-alpha-amino acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, KYNU, SLC7A11extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• dopamineReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 1-acyl-2-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-acyl-2-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• glycolithocholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (glycine)
  3. sulfotransferase (glycolithocholate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, BAAT, SULT2A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + A = a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, MOCOS, ACAD10extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• estrone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. estrone 3-sulfate + H2O = estrone + sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, STSextracellular space, cytosol

• sphing-4-enine 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. sphing-4-enine + ATP = sphing-4-enine 1-phosphate + ADP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAGS, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (9S)-hydroperoxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  2. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = 9-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O
  3. prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (9(S)-HPODE)

  Catalysed by CDKAL1, PTGS2, PTGS1cytosol

• (2E)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. trans-tetradec-2-enoyl-CoA reductase

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (2E)-decenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)
  3. trans-dec-2-enoyl-CoA reductase

  Catalysed by NAGS, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• dCTPReach from here →
  1. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  3. 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate:oxydized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by MARS1, TXN, RRM1, RRM2 and 2 morecytosol

• dUTPReach from here →
  1. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  3. 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate:oxydized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by MARS1, TXN, RRM1, RRM2 and 2 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• Fe(II)-heme aReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. Fe(II)-heme o + 2 A + H2O = Fe(II)-heme a + 2 AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, MOCOS, COX15extracellular space, cytosol

• (R)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate:L-cysteine ligase
  3. N-[(R)-4-phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteine + H(+) = (R)-4'-phosphopantetheine + CO2

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, PPCS, PPCDCextracellular space, cytosol

• (2E)-hexenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)
  3. trans-hex-2-enoyl-CoA reductase

  Catalysed by NAGS, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AADAT, HOGA1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• a cardiolipinReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. 1'-[1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho],3'-[1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-glycerol + an acyl-CoA = a cardiolipin + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• (2E)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase
  3. trans-oct-2-enoyl-CoA reductase

  Catalysed by NAGS, CROT, MECRmitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 3-oxotetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)
  3. dodecanoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA + H(+) = 3-oxotetradecanoyl-CoA + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of Hydroxy-Proline
  3. trans-4-Hydroxy-L-proline:NAD+ 5-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC1A4, PYCR1, PYCR3 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetate

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC4A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of methionine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)
  3. 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + acetaldehyde

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, DERAextracellular space, cytosol

• leukotriene D4Reach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. leukotriene C4 + H2O = leukotriene D4 + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GGT1, GGT5extracellular space, cytosol

• an all-trans-retinyl esterReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. all-trans-retinol + an acyl-CoA = an all-trans-retinyl ester + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 4 routes

• ubiquinol-10Reach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. ubiquinone-10 + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + ubiquinol-10

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSS, SQORextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAGS, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• a triacyl-sn-glycerolReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. an acyl-CoA + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol = a triacyl-sn-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• 1-octadecanoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1D-myo-inositolReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-D-myo-inositol + octadecanoyl-CoA = 1-octadecanoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1D-myo-inositol + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 3-oxoeicosasphinganineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. octadecanoyl-CoA + L-serine + H(+) = 3-oxoeicosasphinganine + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 3-oxoeicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA synthase (malonyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 11 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-docosanoylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)
  3. docosanoyl-CoA + sphinganine = N-docosanoylsphinganine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 8 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-eicosanoylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + sphinganine = N-eicosanoylsphinganine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 8 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-(octadecanoyl)-sphinganineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. sphinganine + octadecanoyl-CoA = N-(octadecanoyl)-sphinganine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 10 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol