L-methionine

Three steps

• Ca(2+)Reach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  3. Ca(2+)(out) + K(+)(out) + 4 Na(+)(in) = Ca(2+)(in) + K(+)(in) + 4 Na(+)(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC1A1, SLC24A1, SLC24A5 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

• 3-methyl-1-hydroxybutylthiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of leucine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, BCAT2, BCKDHA and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• hypoioditeReach from here →
  1. transport of methionine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)
  3. iodide + H2O2 = hypoiodite + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, TPO, MPO, LPOextracellular space, cytosol

• a thiolReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. L-cysteinyl-[sulfatase] + 2 a thiol + O2 = an organic disulfide + 3-oxo-L-alanyl-[sulfatase] + hydrogen sulfide + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CTH, SUMF1extracellular space, cytosol

• phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. phosphocholine + H2O = choline + phosphate

  Catalysed by NAGS, CHAT, PHOSPHO1mitochondrial matrix, nucleusOne of 2 routes

• cholateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  3. choloyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by NAGS, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5B and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, peroxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• glycolateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
  3. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, DAO, GRHPRextracellular space, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• D-aspartateReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  3. D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D-aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC1A1, SLC1A7, SLC1A3 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + H2O = (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 9 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 3-acetamidopropanalReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion
  3. N1-acetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming)

  Catalysed by NAGS, PAOX, SMOXmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• oxalateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. glyoxylate + O2 + H2O = oxalate + H2O2 + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AADAT, HAO1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• anthranilic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. L-Kynurenine hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, KYNUextracellular space, cytosol

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. Propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by NAGS, ACSS3, ACSS2, ACSS1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• citric acidReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)
  3. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)

  Catalysed by NAGS, ACLY, CSmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. Butyryl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by NAGS, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• maleateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. maleate(in) + sulfate(out) = maleate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. Myristoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 10 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (9Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by NAGS, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 6 routes

• adipic acidReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. Activation of adipic acid for Formation of Adipoyl Carnitine
  3. Thioesterification of adipoyl-CoA for Release into Cytosol

  Catalysed by NAGS, ACOT8mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• 3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, AGXTextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-dihydroorotateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  2. carbamoyl-phosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase
  3. (S)-dihydroorotate amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, CADinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• an alcoholReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSS, CP, PRDX6extracellular space, cytosol

• isocitric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A1extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. glutaryl-CoA + H2O = glutarate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAGS, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acidReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)
  3. D-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by NAGS, ACLY, GOT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (2R,3R)-tartrateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (2R,3R)-tartrate(in) + sulfate(out) = (2R,3R)-tartrate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (S,S)-tartrateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S,S)-tartrate(in) + sulfate(out) = (S,S)-tartrate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3R)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (3R)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3R)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3S)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (3S)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3S)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• docosan-1-olReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)
  3. docosanoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+) = docosan-1-ol + 2 NADP(+) + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• hexacosanoateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)
  3. Hexacosanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• tetracosanoateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)
  3. Tetracosenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• an N-acylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)

  Catalysed by NAGS, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• octadecan-1-olReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. octadecanoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+) = octadecan-1-ol + 2 NADP(+) + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• eicosanoateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)
  3. Eicosanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 8 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by NAGS, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 8 routes

• (15Z)-tetracosenoateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (nervonic acid)
  3. (15Z)-tetracosenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by NAGS, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 8 routes

• (11Z)-eicosenoateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-gondoic acid)
  3. (11Z)-eicosenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 8 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• cis-aconitic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A1extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GOT2, GOT1, MPST and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• tetra-mu3-sulfido-tetrairon(2+)Reach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. Synthesis of 4Fe4S from 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 10 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• serotoninReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• an acylcholineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. an acylcholine + H2O = a carboxylate + choline + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAGS, CHAT, BCHEmitochondrial matrix, nucleus

• fatty acidReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-alpha-aminobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of methionine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-threonine ammonia-lyase (2-oxobutanoate-forming)
  3. glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ((S)-2-aminobutanoate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SDS, SDSL, GPTextracellular space, cytosol

• chenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  3. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by NAGS, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5B and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• taurocholateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  3. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAGS, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5B and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 8 routes