glyoxylate

Three steps

• 5-oxo-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, CHAC2, CHAC1

• histamineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• L-2-aminopentanoateReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT2One of 3 routes

• (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
  2. (S)-malate hydro-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  3. 1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-imidazole AMP-lyase

  Catalysed by CLYBL, FH, ADSLcytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-thyroxineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• L-2-aminohexanoateReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. 2-oxohexanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = L-2-aminohexanoate + 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT2One of 3 routes

• 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamideReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SHMT1, ATICcytosol

• 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-arginine + O2 + H2O = 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A6, IL4I1extracellular space, cytosol

• N(8)-acetylspermidineReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = spermidine + acetate

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (3Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-5-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, HADHA, ACAA2 and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• S-sulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2 L-cysteine = S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• N-formyl-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, IDO1, TDO2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-3-amino-isobutanoate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, ABATmitochondrial matrix

• (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, SLC27A2, SLC27A5peroxisome, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of glutamine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (glutamine)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, PPATextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• phosphoenolpyruvateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
  2. Citrate Transport, Mitochondrial
  3. phosphoenolpyruvate(in) + citrate(out) = phosphoenolpyruvate(out) + citrate(in)

  Catalysed by CLYBL, SLC25A1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugate + H2O = an S-substituted L-cysteine + acetate

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of glutamine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, GFPT2, GFPT1extracellular space, cytosol

• L-methionine (S)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, MSRAextracellular space, cytosol

• L-methionine (R)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, MSRB3, MSRB1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• deoxycholoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, SLC27A2, SLC27A5peroxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 5-methylsulfanyl-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + formate + 2 H(+)
  3. 5-methylsulfanyl-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate

  Catalysed by AADAT, ADI1, ENOPH1

• S-sulfanylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. Sulfide:glutathione,quinone oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, SQORcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• methylamineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + H2O = L-citrulline + methylamine

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT2, DDAH1

• N-[(R)-4-phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate:L-cysteine ligase

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• monodehydro-L-ascorbate radicalReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

  Catalysed by AADAT, GLYATL3, GLYATL2, PAMOne of 17 routes

• (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine

  Catalysed by AADAT, PAHOne of 3 routes

• 4-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, SLC6A12extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 3-iodo-L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of glycine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, TPOextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• dopamineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (2S)-2-phospholactateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. (2S)-2-phospholactate + H2O = (S)-lactate + phosphate

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, LDHA, LDHB and 4 moreOne of 2 routes

• glycolithocholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (glycine)
  3. sulfotransferase (glycolithocholate)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, SULT2A1cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-prolineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• estrone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + O2 + H2O = oxalate + H2O2 + H(+)
  2. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. estrone 3-sulfate + H2O = estrone + sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by HAO1, SLC25A14, SLC26A2, SLC25A30 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 8 routes

• 3-sulfino-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• dGTPReach from here →
  1. glycolate + NADP(+) = glyoxylate + NADPH + H(+)
  2. N(2)-(1-hydroxy-2-oxoethyl)-dGTP + H2O = dGTP + glycolate + H(+)
  3. N(2)-(1-hydroxy-2-oxoethyl)-dGTP + H2O = dGTP + glycolate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, PARK7

• decanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 4 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. glutathione gamma-glutamylaminopeptidase

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, GGTLC3, GGT1 and 4 morecytosolOne of 8 routes

• 3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. (3-Hydroxyisovalerylcoa->3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1Bperoxisome, cytosol

• (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + O2 + H2O = oxalate + H2O2 + H(+)
  2. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. Transport of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetate

  Catalysed by HAO1, SLC25A14, SLC26A2, SLC25A30 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• leukotriene D4Reach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. leukotriene C4 + H2O = leukotriene D4 + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by AADAT, GGT1, GGT5cytosol

• dTMPReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. DTDP Diphosphohydrolase

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, PKM, PKLR and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:63544Reach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (adrenic acid)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• ubiquinol-10Reach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. ubiquinone-10 + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + ubiquinol-10

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, SQOROne of 2 routes

• hexacosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• tetracosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 10 routes

• docosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 9 routes