L-aspartate

Three steps

• phenylacetylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. phenylacetyl-CoA:glycine N-phenylacetyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASNS, GLYATcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• decanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)
  3. Decanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:27760Reach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. Selenocystathionine Lysteine-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SCLY, CTHcytosol

• all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acidReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• hexacosan-1-olReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)
  3. hexacosanoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+) = hexacosan-1-ol + 2 NADP(+) + CoA

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acidReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  2. Phenylalanine Transaminase, Mitochondrial
  3. Phenylpyruvate:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating,decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, GOT2, TAT, HPDinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate

  Catalysed by GOT2, AGXT2mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. LTD4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by ASNScytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-oneReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)
  3. 3beta-Hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, STSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• O-decanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)
  3. decanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-decanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 17alpha-hydroxypregnenoloneReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ASPA, ACY3, CYP17A1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• CHEBI:28862Reach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  3. 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate:oxidized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by DARS1, TXN, RRM1, RRM2 and 2 morecytosol

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by ASNS, SLC7A5, NAGScytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• Mn(2+)Reach from here →
  1. transport of aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mn(2+)(out) + Ca(2+)(in) = Mn(2+)(in) + Ca(2+)(out)

  Catalysed by SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, SLC1A1 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• Zn(2+)Reach from here →
  1. transport of aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Zn(2+)(in) + Ca(2+)(out) = Zn(2+)(out) + Ca(2+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, SLC1A1 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 3-methyl-1-hydroxybutylthiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. L-leucine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-leucine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  2. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, BCAT2, BCKDHA, BCKDHBinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ASNS, SLC7A5, CARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• Gly-tRNA(Gly)Reach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ASNS, GARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• Ile-tRNA(Ile)Reach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Isoleucine:tRNA(Ile) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ASNS, SLC7A5, IARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• isocyanateReach from here →
  1. L-Citrulline:L-aspartate ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. L-citrulline + L-aspartate + ATP = 2-(N(omega)-L-arginino)succinate + AMP + diphosphate + H(+)
  3. L-citrulline + H(+) = isocyanate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by ASS1, LACC1cytosol

• hydrogenselenideReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, CDKAL1, SCLYinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. phosphocholine + H2O = choline + phosphate

  Catalysed by NAT8L, CHAT, PHOSPHO1mitochondrial matrix, nucleusOne of 2 routes

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASNS, BAATcytosol, extracellular space, peroxisomeOne of 5 routes

• cholateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  3. choloyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5B and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, peroxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by ASNS, SLC7A5, CTHcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + H2O = (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 9 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 3-acetamidopropanalReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion
  3. N1-acetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, PAOX, SMOXmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GOT2, FAHD1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 7 routes

• anthranilic acidReach from here →
  1. L-leucine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-leucine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. L-Kynurenine hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, SLC43A1, KYNUinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. transport of propanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GOT2, FAHD1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 7 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GOT2, FAHD1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. Myristoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 10 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (9Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by NAT8L, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 5 routes

• adipic acidReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Activation of adipic acid for Formation of Adipoyl Carnitine
  3. Thioesterification of adipoyl-CoA for Release into Cytosol

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ACOT8mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• orotateReach from here →
  1. carbamoyl-phosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase
  2. (S)-dihydroorotate amidohydrolase
  3. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol

  Catalysed by CAD, DHODHcytosol

• 3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by GOT2, FAHD1, AGXTmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (indol-3-yl)acetateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. (indol-3-yl)acetate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (indol-3-yl)acetate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, SLC25A35, SLC25A34 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• isocitric acidReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2

  Catalysed by GOT2, SLC25A1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. glutaryl-CoA + H2O = glutarate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• docosan-1-olReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)
  3. docosanoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+) = docosan-1-ol + 2 NADP(+) + CoA

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• pentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)
  3. pentanoate(out) + dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) = pentanoate(in) + dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, STS, SLC22A9inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• hexacosanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)
  3. Hexacosanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• tetracosanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)
  3. Tetracosenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• an N-acylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• octadecan-1-olReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. octadecanoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+) = octadecan-1-ol + 2 NADP(+) + CoA

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• eicosanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)
  3. Eicosanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 8 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by NAT8L, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 8 routes

• (15Z)-tetracosenoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (nervonic acid)
  3. (15Z)-tetracosenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by NAT8L, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 5 routes

• (11Z)-eicosenoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-gondoic acid)
  3. (11Z)-eicosenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 8 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol