D-aspartate

Three steps

• indoxyl sulfateReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = D-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. indoxyl sulfate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = indoxyl sulfate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, SLC25A35, SLC25A34 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase ((7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15345Reach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, AACSmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• cholineReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, CHATmitochondrial matrix, nucleusOne of 2 routes

• acetylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. acetylpyruvate + H2O = acetate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by DDO, FAHD1cytosol

• all-trans-retinoic acidReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DDO, FAHD1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15380Reach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. 5-aminolevulinate synthase (2-amino-3-oxoadipate)

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, ALAS1, CPNE7mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• CHEBI:15477Reach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, GLYAT, GLYATL2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 2-methylcrotonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. Production of Tiglylcarnitine

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, CPT1A, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• isobutyryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxo-4-methyl-pentanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, HADHA, ACAA2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. glycine-N-acyltransferase (3-methylcrotonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, GLYATmitochondrial matrix

• isovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (isovalerylglycine)

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, GLYAT, GLYATL2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• arachidonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. Arachidonate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• CHEBI:15519Reach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, ACAA1, SCP2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• palmitoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• oleoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. Transport of octadecenoyl-CoA into Mitochondrial Matrix

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• phenylacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. Phenylacetate:CoA ligase

  Catalysed by DDO, CSmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• propionyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. Propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, ACSS3, ACSS2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 43 routes

• D-threo-isocitrateReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. citrate = D-threo-isocitrate

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, ACO1, ACO2mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• L-leucineReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. L-leucine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-leucine(in) + L-aspartate(out)

  Catalysed by DDO, GOT2, SLC7A13mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• CHEBI:15650Reach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, ZDHHC11B, NAA10 and 30 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15699Reach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D-aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  3. transport of cysteine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, SLC1A1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• trans-aconitateReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. trans-aconitate(in) + citrate(out) = trans-aconitate(out) + citrate(in)

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, SLC25A1mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15727Reach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, NAA10mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• formateReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = D-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. oxalate(in) + formate(out) = oxalate(out) + formate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, SLC26A2, SLC26A6 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15746Reach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, SAT1, SAT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• nicotinic acid D-ribonucleotideReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = D-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. Transport of Quinolinic Acid
  3. Nicotinate-nucleotide:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase (carboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, SLC22A6, QPRTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartic acidReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. carbamoyl-phosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase

  Catalysed by DDO, GOT2, CADmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• CHEBI:15971Reach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D-aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  3. transport of cysteine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, SLC1A1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• androsteroneReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = D-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. steroid sulfatase (androsterone sulfate)
  3. steroid sulfatase (androsterone sulfate)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, STSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoic acidReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by DDO, FAHD1, AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-cystineReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. L-cystine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-aspartate(out)

  Catalysed by DDO, GOT2, SLC7A13mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• CHEBI:16284Reach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. GTP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (adding GTP
  3. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by DDO, PCK1, PKM, PKLRcytosol

• 11-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, DGAT1, LRAT and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-oneReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = D-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. steroid sulfatase (5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone)
  3. steroid sulfatase (5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, STSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-citrullineReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D-aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  3. transport of citrulline and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, SLC1A1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• iodideReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = D-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and iodide (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, SLC26A6, SLC26A4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• cis-aconitateReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. cis-aconitate(in) + citrate(out) = cis-aconitate(out) + citrate(in)

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, SLC25A1mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• ubiquinonesReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = D-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. transport of fumarate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. succinate:quinone oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, SLC25A10, SDHD and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• L-valineReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. L-valine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-valine(in) + L-aspartate(out)

  Catalysed by DDO, GOT2, SLC7A13mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• L-arginineReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D-aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  3. transport of arginine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, SLC1A1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• CHEBI:16497Reach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. GTP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (adding GTP
  3. dGTP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by DDO, PCK1, PKM, PKLRcytosol

• protein polypeptide chainReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. PROTEIN_BS

  Catalysed by DDO, GOT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• pregnenoloneReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = D-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. Steryl-Sulfatase
  3. Pregnenolone-sulfate sulfohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, STSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, Golgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (S)-lactateReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by DDO, FAHD1, LDHA, LDHB and 3 morecytosol

• 2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by DDO, FAHD1, AGXT2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-oxoglutaramateReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by DDO, FAHD1, KYAT1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-fumarylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. 3-fumarylpyruvate + H2O = fumarate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by DDO, FAHD1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:16856Reach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D-aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  2. serotonin(out) + K(+)(in) + Na(+)(out) + H(+)(in) = serotonin(in) + K(+)(out) + Na(+)(in) + H(+)(out)
  3. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, SLC1A1 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:16857Reach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D-aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  3. transport of cysteine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, SLC1A1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes