L-methionine

Three steps

• malonateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. malonate(in) + sulfate(out) = malonate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxyanthranilic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of methionine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of 3-Hydroxy-L-Kynurenine
  3. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, KYNUextracellular space, cytosol

• 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. Acyl-CoA:glycerone-phosphate O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAGS, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• bromideReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. 2-bromoacetaldehyde:glutathione S-(formylmethyl)transferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSS, MGST3, GSTA4 and 15 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• keto-D-fructose 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)
  3. D-glucosamine-6-phosphate aminohydrolase (ketol isomerizing)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GFPT2, GFPT1, GNPDA1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  2. N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + L-aspartate + H(+)
  3. N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + L-aspartate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, AGAinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• methanethiolReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. methanethiol + O2 + H2O = hydrogen sulfide + formaldehyde + H2O2 + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CTH, SELENBP1extracellular space, cytosol

• phosphatidylethanolamineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAGS, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• a halide anionReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSS, GSTT4, GSTA4 and 21 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 11-cis-retinalReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. 11-cis-retinol:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by NAGS, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 9 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+)Reach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAGS, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• hexadecan-1-olReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. formate dehydrogenase (palmitoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, peroxisome

• CHEBI:16132Reach from here →
  1. transport of methionine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)
  3. deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, DERAextracellular space, cytosol

• selenophosphateReach from here →
  1. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  2. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  3. hydrogenselenide + ATP + H2O = selenophosphate + AMP + phosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by CDKAL1, SCLY, SEPHS1, SEPHS2

• homogentisateReach from here →
  1. transport of methionine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating,decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GOT2, GOT1, TAT and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:16174Reach from here →
  1. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  3. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate:oxidized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by MARS1, TXN, RRM1, RRM2 and 2 morecytosol

• 11-cis-retinyl hexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 10 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate transaminase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, ABATextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• succinic semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 4-aminobutanoate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC6A12, ABATextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• CHEBI:16284Reach from here →
  1. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  3. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate:oxydized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by MARS1, TXN, RRM1, RRM2 and 2 morecytosol

• nitriteReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)
  3. 4 nitric oxide + O2 + 2 H2O = 4 nitrite + 4 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, NOS3, NOS1, NOS2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• lithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and lithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• phosphatidic acidReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 2-O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAGS, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 10 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 7 routes

• (R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of betaine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycine betaine(out) + (R)-carnitine(in) = glycine betaine(in) + (R)-carnitine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC6A12, SLC22A5extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-phenylacetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of methionine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-phenylalanine carboxy-lyase (phenylethylamine-forming)
  3. Phenethylamine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, DDC, AOC2, AOC1 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:16497Reach from here →
  1. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  3. 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate:oxydized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by MARS1, TXN, RRM1, RRM2 and 2 morecytosol

• selaneReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SCLYextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• anthranilateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, KYNUextracellular space, cytosol

• D-alanyl-D-alanineReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Formation of Alanylalanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC3A2, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosol

• (S)-lactateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, LDHA, LDHB and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:16668Reach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase
  3. 3-sulfino-L-alanine carboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CDO1, GAD1, CSADextracellular space, cytosol

• quinolinic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of Quinolinic Acid

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC22A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• cyanamideReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Arginine amidinohydrolase
  3. urea = cyanamide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, ARG1, CA1, CA2extracellular space, cytosol

• pyridoxineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. pyridoxine-5'-phosphate phosphohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SCLY, PHOSPHO2, PDXPextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• enol-phenylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. transport of methionine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Phenylalanine Transaminase, Mitochondrial
  3. 3-phenylpyruvate = enol-phenylpyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GOT2, TAT, MIFextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• formaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase
  3. sarcosine:oxygen oxidoreductase (demethylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GNMT, PIPOX, SARDHextracellular space, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 5 routes

• 3-fumarylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 3-fumarylpyruvate + H2O = fumarate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, FAHD1extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• pantetheine 4'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)
  3. Dephospho-CoA nucleotidohydrolase

  Catalysed by NAGS, ACP2, ENPP3, ENPP1mitochondrial matrix, lysosome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  2. 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O
  3. 2-[(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine + H(+)

  Catalysed by CDKAL1, PTGS2, PLA2G4AOne of 3 routes

• psychosineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. UDP-alpha-D-galactose:sphingosine 1-beta-galactosyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAGS, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• trans-1,2-dithiane-4,5-diolReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. selenocysteine lyase (dithiothreitol)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SCLYextracellular space, cytosol

• creatineReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GATM, GAMTextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAGS, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• bilirubin IXalphaReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of bilirubin and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• a cholesterol esterReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. an acyl-CoA + cholesterol = a cholesterol ester + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• 2-aminoacrylic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of methionine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)
  3. thyroid peroxidase (3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, TPOextracellular space, cytosol

• taurolithocholateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (lithocholate)

  Catalysed by NAGS, BAATmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 3-hydroxypyruvateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-serine + pyruvate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, AGXTextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17208Reach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSSextracellular space, cytosol