L-histidine

Three steps

• kinetensin-(1-8)Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  2. Chymase
  3. kinetensin + H2O = kinetensin-(1-8) + L-leucine

  Catalysed by SLC7A8, CMA1, ACE2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space

• an N-(fatty acyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, GATM, GLYATL2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, GATM, GLYATL2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• cholineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC6A14, SLC5A7inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• acetylcholineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• pyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 18 routes

• CHEBI:15570Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, GATM, SLC3A2, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:15611Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, GATM, GNMTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• CHEBI:15650Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of leukotriene E4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• trimethylenediamineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of lysine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. deoxyhypusine synthase (1,3-diaminopropane)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, DHPSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:15727Reach from here →
  1. beta-alanine + L-histidine + ATP = carnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. carnosine + H2O = beta-alanine + L-histidine
  3. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, CNDP1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15765Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, THinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• bromideReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-bromoacetaldehyde:glutathione S-(formylmethyl)transferase

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, MGST3 and 16 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartic acidReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  3. carbamoyl-phosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A8, SLC7A13, CADinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of glutamine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, GFPT2, GFPT1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• thioredoxin dithiolReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  2. L-Phenylalanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation

  Catalysed by SLC7A8, FARSB, FARSAinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC6A14, SLC26A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• succinic semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. 4-aminobutanoate + L-histidine + ATP = L-homocarnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  3. 4-aminobutanoate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by CARNS1, CNDP1, CNDP2, ABATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• nitriteReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)
  3. 4 nitric oxide + O2 + 2 H2O = 4 nitrite + 4 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, NOS3, NOS1, NOS2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• (R)-3-aminoisobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• lithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of lithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• iodideReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, TPOinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 2-phenylacetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  2. L-phenylalanine carboxy-lyase (phenylethylamine-forming)
  3. Phenethylamine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A8, DDC, AOC2, AOC1 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  3. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A8, SLC7A13, GOT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:16523Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, GATM, SLC3A2, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• anthranilateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A8, KYNUinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:16633Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, SCLYinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• Met-tRNA(Met)Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of methionine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, MARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• (S)-lactateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  2. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O
  3. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A8, CNDP2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• cyanamideReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. L-Arginine amidinohydrolase
  3. urea = cyanamide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, ARG1, CA1, CA2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of methionine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, AADATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-threonine ammonia-lyase (2-oxobutanoate-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, SDS, SDSLinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• tryptamineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, DDCinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxoglutaramateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of glutamine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, KYAT1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• enol-phenylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  2. Phenylalanine Transaminase, Mitochondrial
  3. 3-phenylpyruvate = enol-phenylpyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC7A8, GOT2, TAT, MIFinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• glyoxylic acidReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, GATM, DAOinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, peroxisome

• creatineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GATM, GAMTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-acetyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  3. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A8, SLC7A13, NAT8Linner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• bilirubin IXalphaReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of bilirubin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• oxalic acidReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC6A14, SLC26A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• taurolithocholateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:17208Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosol

• homocysteineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Formation of Homocystine

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:17380Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 3-Hydroxy-L-Kynurenine

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, SLC7A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-Ornithine:2-oxo-acid aminotransferase
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, OAT, ALDH4A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• AH2Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, MOCOSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• S-methyl-5'-thioadenosineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-ornithine carboxy-lyase (putrescine-forming)
  3. S-adenosylmethioninamine:putrescine 3-aminopropyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, ODC1, SRMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5-aminolevulinic acidReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, GATM, ALAS1, ALAS2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• nitrateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)
  3. Fe(II)-heme b-[protein] + nitric oxide + O2 = Fe(III)-heme b-[protein] + nitrate

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, NOS3, NOS1, NOS2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol