Compound
nitrate
Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.
Studied for
17 endpoints · 33 findings · 20 papers · 11 null
- Plasma nitrite concentrationraisesEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.
- Plasma nitrate concentrationraisesEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.
- Maximal oxygen uptakeno detected effectEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.
- Body mass indexno detected effectEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.
- Colorectal cancer incidenceno detected effectEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.
Structure
A nitrogen oxoanion formed by loss of a proton from nitric acid. Principal species present at pH 7.3.
Loading the model…
- Class
- Inorganic compound, anion
- Formula
- NO3
- Mass
- 62.004 g/mol
- Charge
- -1
- InChIKey
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- SMILES
- O=[N+]([O-])[O-]
- Look it up
- ChEBIPubChemBy InChIKey
Identity from ChEBI, geometry from PubChem. Not evidence.
What the evidence says
How to read these marks33 findings · 17 endpoints · 20 papers · 11 null · by evidence strength
- Evidence strength
- Strong
- Moderate
- Limited
- Very limited
- Insufficient
| Endpoint | Lowered3 findings, 3 endpoints | No detected effect11 findings, 11 endpoints | Raised19 findings, 5 endpoints |
|---|---|---|---|
| Plasma nitrite concentration | |||
| Plasma nitrate concentration | |||
| Maximal oxygen uptake | |||
| Diastolic blood pressure (office/clinic) | |||
| Time to exhaustion | |||
| Systolic blood pressure (setting unspecified) | |||
| Mean arterial pressure | |||
| Rating of perceived exertion | |||
| Measured, and no finding detected an effect | |||
| Body mass index | |||
| Colorectal cancer incidence | |||
| Diastolic blood pressure (setting unspecified) | |||
| Mean power output | |||
| Peak power output | |||
| Systolic blood pressure (office/clinic) | |||
| Urinary bladder cancer incidence | |||
| Isometric peak force | |||
| Six-minute walk test distance | |||
What moved
22 findings
Increases plasma nitrate concentration
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×6“The plasma NO3− concentration was elevated with BRJ intake (p < 0.05).”
Quoted verbatim from Effect of Acute Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on the Venous Vascular Response to Static Exercise in Healthy Young Adults.. - Study
- RCT
- Participants
- 16
- Population
- healthy young adults
Effect of Acute Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on the Venous Vascular Response to Static Exercise in Healthy Young Adults.2022PMID:36364727Permalink
Increases plasma nitrate concentration
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×6“Plasma [NO3−] was greater in BR-HIGH ( P < 0.001, g = 5.96), BR-MOD ( P < 0.001, g = 2.65), and BR-LOW ( P < 0.001, d z = 4.52) compared to PL.”
Quoted verbatim from The effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on resistance exercise performance: A dose-response investigation.. - Study
- crossover
- Participants
- 18
- Dose
- 4 x 70 mL concentrated beetroot juice supplying ~6, ~12 or ~24 mmol nitrate, single acute dose 2.5 h before exercise
- Population
- 18 resistance-trained young men; all three nitrate doses (~6, ~12, ~24 mmol) versus nitrate-depleted beetroot juice placebo
The effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on resistance exercise performance: A dose-response investigation.2025PMID:40274664Permalink
Increases plasma nitrite concentration
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×8“Concentrations of the downstream metabolites of NO3-, i.e., plasma NO2- and breath NO, were also significantly elevated by NO3- intake, albeit to a much lesser degree (, middle and bottom panels).”
Quoted verbatim from Dietary Nitrate Increases VO2peak and Performance but Does Not Alter Ventilation or Efficiency in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction.. - Study
- crossover
- Dose
- 140 mL concentrated beetroot juice, 11.2 mmol nitrate, single dose, tested 2 h post-ingestion
- Population
- 8 patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), acute single dose
Dietary Nitrate Increases VO2peak and Performance but Does Not Alter Ventilation or Efficiency in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction.2018PMID:28916479Permalink
Increases plasma nitrite concentration
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×8“After dietary nitrate ingestion, the concentration of nitrite in plasma increased ~3-fold to 0.7 ± 0.6 nmol g−1, compared to baseline (P < 0.01; n = 11; Fig. 3C).”
Quoted verbatim from Human skeletal muscle nitrate store: influence of dietary nitrate supplementation and exercise.. - Study
- crossover
- Participants
- 11
- Dose
- 12.8 mmol (794 mg) nitrate, single dose, concentrated beetroot juice, 2 h pre-sampling
- Population
- 13 healthy recreationally active adults (8 men, 5 women)
Human skeletal muscle nitrate store: influence of dietary nitrate supplementation and exercise.2019PMID:31350908Permalink
Increases plasma nitrite concentration
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×8“Linear mixed models revealed a significant main effect of condition ( p < 0.001), with the mean plasma nitrite concentration 461 nM higher (95%CI, 269 to 653 nM) in the nitrate supplementation versus placebo condition.”
Quoted verbatim from Inter-individual differences in the blood pressure lowering effects of dietary nitrate: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled replicate crossover trial.. - Study
- crossover
- Participants
- 15
- Dose
- 140 mL concentrated nitrate-rich beetroot juice, ~14.0 mmol nitrate, single acute dose; outcome measured 2.5 h post-supplementation
- Population
- 15 healthy males, replicate crossover; secondary endpoint
Effect 461 mean difference, 95% CI 269 to 653
Inter-individual differences in the blood pressure lowering effects of dietary nitrate: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled replicate crossover trial.2025PMID:39992469Permalink
Increases plasma nitrite concentration
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×8“Plasma [NO2−] was greater in BR-HIGH ( P < 0.001, g = 1.99), BR-MOD ( P < 0.001, g = 1.36), and BR-LOW ( P < 0.001, g = 1.59) compared to PL.”
Quoted verbatim from The effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on resistance exercise performance: A dose-response investigation.. - Study
- crossover
- Participants
- 18
- Dose
- 4 x 70 mL concentrated beetroot juice supplying ~6, ~12 or ~24 mmol nitrate, single acute dose 2.5 h before exercise
- Population
- 18 resistance-trained young men; all three nitrate doses (~6, ~12, ~24 mmol) versus nitrate-depleted beetroot juice placebo
The effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on resistance exercise performance: A dose-response investigation.2025PMID:40274664Permalink
Show the remaining 16
Decreases diastolic blood pressure (office/clinic)
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Finding“The reduction in systolic blood pressure after dosing between treatment conditions was not significantly different, however, the reduction in diastolic blood pressure was greater in the nitrate supplemented group (7±8 nitrate vs. 1±8mmHg placebo; p = 0.008).”
Quoted verbatim from Acute Dietary Nitrate Supplementation and Exercise Performance in COPD: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomised Controlled Pilot Study.. - Study
- crossover
- Dose
- 140 mL beetroot juice containing 12.9 mmol nitrate, single dose
- Population
- 21 adults with COPD (GOLD II-IV); change in resting seated diastolic pressure from baseline to 3 h after a single dose, nitrate-rich versus nitrate-depleted beetroot juice
Acute Dietary Nitrate Supplementation and Exercise Performance in COPD: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomised Controlled Pilot Study.2015PMID:26698120An author is affiliated with a producerPermalink
Increases time to exhaustion
LimitedEvidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited.Finding“Median submaximal constant work rate exercise time was 28.8 sec longer (p = 0.031) following NO3− ingestion.”
Quoted verbatim from Dietary nitrate supplementation improves exercise performance and decreases blood pressure in COPD patients.. - Study
- crossover
- Dose
- 7.58 mmol NO3- as two 70 mL beetroot juice bottles, single dose 2.5 h before testing
- Population
- 15 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; single-blind crossover of nitrate-rich beetroot juice versus prune juice placebo, exercise 2.5 h after drinking; cycle ergometer at 75% of maximal work rate, time to symptom limitation
Dietary nitrate supplementation improves exercise performance and decreases blood pressure in COPD patients.2015PMID:25445634Permalink
Increases maximal oxygen uptake
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding“This improvement in exercise performance was accompanied by a moderate, but potentially clinically-significant (see Discussion), increase in VO2peak, expressed in either L/min (P<0.05; Table 3) or in mL.min-1.kg-1 (P < 0.05; Fig. 4, bottom panel).”
Quoted verbatim from Dietary Nitrate Increases VO2peak and Performance but Does Not Alter Ventilation or Efficiency in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction.. - Study
- crossover
- Dose
- 140 mL concentrated beetroot juice, 11.2 mmol nitrate, single dose, tested 2 h post-ingestion
- Population
- 8 patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), acute single dose, maximal incremental cycle ergometer test
Dietary Nitrate Increases VO2peak and Performance but Does Not Alter Ventilation or Efficiency in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction.2018PMID:28916479Permalink
Increases plasma nitrite concentration
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×8“Circulating nitrate and nitrite increased significantly after NR-BJ in both males and females.”
Quoted verbatim from Effect of Dietary Nitrate Intake on Fatigue Resistance Following Ischemia-Induced Microvascular Dysfunction in Males and Females.. - Study
- crossover
- Dose
- Nitrate-rich beetroot juice (~10 mmol nitrate), single oral dose vs nitrate-depleted (~0.34 mmol)
- Population
- Healthy adults (8 male, 8 female; 20-40y); single oral dose
Effect of Dietary Nitrate Intake on Fatigue Resistance Following Ischemia-Induced Microvascular Dysfunction in Males and Females.2026PMID:41371545Permalink
Increases plasma nitrate concentration
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×6“N O 3 - ingestion increased (p < .001) plasma NO3-, plasma NO2-, and breath NO by 1,051% ± 433%, 138% ± 149%, and 111% ± 115%, respectively.”
Quoted verbatim from A Single Dose of Dietary Nitrate Increases Maximal Knee Extensor Angular Velocity and Power in Healthy Older Men and Women.. - Study
- crossover
- Dose
- 13.4 ± 1.6 mmol nitrate, single dose, beetroot juice, tested 2 hours post-ingestion
- Population
- Twelve healthy older men and women (age 71 ± 5 years), acute single dose
A Single Dose of Dietary Nitrate Increases Maximal Knee Extensor Angular Velocity and Power in Healthy Older Men and Women.2020PMID:31231758Permalink
Increases plasma nitrate concentration
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×6“In contrast, plasma NO3 − and NO2 − concentrations were significantly elevated 1 and 2 h post‐ingestion of NO3 −‐containing BRJ, as well as 10 min after completion of the exercise testing (approximately 2.5 h post‐ingestion).”
Quoted verbatim from The influence of acute dietary nitrate supplementation on skeletal muscle fatigue and recovery in older women.. - Study
- crossover
- Participants
- 18
- Dose
- 140 mL concentrated beetroot juice containing 15.6 +/- 3.6 mmol nitrate, single acute dose
- Population
- 18 community-dwelling older women, mean age 70 years
The influence of acute dietary nitrate supplementation on skeletal muscle fatigue and recovery in older women.2023PMID:37226336Permalink
Increases plasma nitrate concentration
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×6“Serum nitrate and nitrite concentrations were elevated five- to sixfold and 1.5- to 2-fold, respectively, in the NR-BEETx group, with peak concentrations occurring at week 8 and showing a plateau or slight decrease at week 12.”
Quoted verbatim from Effect of 12-wk dietary nitrate supplementation on carotid arterial stiffness in postmenopausal females.. - Study
- RCT
- Duration
- 3 months
- Dose
- 8.8 mmol/day nitrate-rich beetroot extract (NR-BEETx)
- Population
- postmenopausal females (60-85 yr)
Effect of 12-wk dietary nitrate supplementation on carotid arterial stiffness in postmenopausal females.2025PMID:40066813Permalink
Increases plasma nitrate concentration
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×6“Circulating nitrate and nitrite increased significantly after NR-BJ in both males and females.”
Quoted verbatim from Effect of Dietary Nitrate Intake on Fatigue Resistance Following Ischemia-Induced Microvascular Dysfunction in Males and Females.. - Study
- crossover
- Dose
- Nitrate-rich beetroot juice (~10 mmol nitrate), single oral dose vs nitrate-depleted (~0.34 mmol)
- Population
- Healthy adults (8 male, 8 female; 20-40y); single oral dose
Effect of Dietary Nitrate Intake on Fatigue Resistance Following Ischemia-Induced Microvascular Dysfunction in Males and Females.2026PMID:41371545Permalink
Increases plasma nitrite concentration
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×8“Serum nitrate and nitrite concentrations were elevated five- to sixfold and 1.5- to 2-fold, respectively, in the NR-BEETx group, with peak concentrations occurring at week 8 and showing a plateau or slight decrease at week 12.”
Quoted verbatim from Effect of 12-wk dietary nitrate supplementation on carotid arterial stiffness in postmenopausal females.. - Study
- RCT
- Duration
- 3 months
- Dose
- 8.8 mmol/day nitrate-rich beetroot extract (NR-BEETx)
- Population
- postmenopausal females (60-85 yr)
Effect of 12-wk dietary nitrate supplementation on carotid arterial stiffness in postmenopausal females.2025PMID:40066813Permalink
Decreases systolic blood pressure (setting unspecified)
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding“In conclusion, inorganic nitrate can mildly reduce systolic blood pressure in healthy people, but does not have a lowering effect on blood pressure in patients with hypertension.”
Quoted verbatim from Regulatory effect of dietary nitrate on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- healthy adults
Regulatory effect of dietary nitrate on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.2023PMID:36740972Permalink
Increases plasma nitrate concentration
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×6“Following DNS, plasma [nitrite] (∼670 vs. ∼180 nmol) and [nitrate] (∼775 vs. ∼11 μmol) were significantly elevated compared with PLA.”
Quoted verbatim from On the implication of dietary nitrate supplementation for the hemodynamic and fatigue response to cycling exercise.. - Study
- crossover
- Duration
- 3 days
- Dose
- Beetroot juice, 4.1 mmol NO3-/day, 3-day supplementation vs placebo
- Population
- Recreationally active men, n=11; cycling exercise trial
On the implication of dietary nitrate supplementation for the hemodynamic and fatigue response to cycling exercise.2021PMID:34672767Permalink
Increases plasma nitrite concentration
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×8“N O 3 - ingestion increased (p < .001) plasma NO3-, plasma NO2-, and breath NO by 1,051% ± 433%, 138% ± 149%, and 111% ± 115%, respectively.”
Quoted verbatim from A Single Dose of Dietary Nitrate Increases Maximal Knee Extensor Angular Velocity and Power in Healthy Older Men and Women.. - Study
- crossover
- Dose
- 13.4 ± 1.6 mmol nitrate, single dose, beetroot juice, tested 2 hours post-ingestion
- Population
- Twelve healthy older men and women (age 71 ± 5 years), acute single dose
A Single Dose of Dietary Nitrate Increases Maximal Knee Extensor Angular Velocity and Power in Healthy Older Men and Women.2020PMID:31231758Permalink
Increases plasma nitrite concentration
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×8“The results indicated that dietary nitrate supplementation increased plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and fractional exhaled nitric oxide in patients with COPD.”
Quoted verbatim from Dietary nitrate supplementation to enhance exercise capacity in patients with COPD: Evidence from a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and a network pharmacological analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Dietary nitrate supplementation to enhance exercise capacity in patients with COPD: Evidence from a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and a network pharmacological analysis.2024PMID:38158139Permalink
Decreases mean arterial pressure
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding“Unlike PLA, DNS lowered both QL and MAP by ∼8% (P < 0.05), but did not alter LVC (P = 0.31).”
Quoted verbatim from On the implication of dietary nitrate supplementation for the hemodynamic and fatigue response to cycling exercise.. - Study
- crossover
- Duration
- 3 days
- Dose
- Beetroot juice, 4.1 mmol NO3-/day, 3-day supplementation vs placebo
- Population
- Recreationally active men, n=11; measured during constant-load and incremental cycling exercise
On the implication of dietary nitrate supplementation for the hemodynamic and fatigue response to cycling exercise.2021PMID:34672767Permalink
Increases rating of perceived exertion
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding“On the other hand, nitrate-rich beetroot juice significantly increased the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale more than the placebo (MD = -0.77; 95% CI [0.18, 1.37], P = 0.01).”
Quoted verbatim from Efficacy of dietary nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Efficacy of dietary nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A systematic review and meta-analysis.2021PMID:33745600Permalink
Increases plasma nitrite concentration
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×8“Following DNS, plasma [nitrite] (∼670 vs. ∼180 nmol) and [nitrate] (∼775 vs. ∼11 μmol) were significantly elevated compared with PLA.”
Quoted verbatim from On the implication of dietary nitrate supplementation for the hemodynamic and fatigue response to cycling exercise.. - Study
- crossover
- Duration
- 3 days
- Dose
- Beetroot juice, 4.1 mmol NO3-/day, 3-day supplementation vs placebo
- Population
- Recreationally active men, n=11; cycling exercise trial
On the implication of dietary nitrate supplementation for the hemodynamic and fatigue response to cycling exercise.2021PMID:34672767Permalink
What did not
11 findings
No detected effect on colorectal cancer incidence
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“No significant associations were found between dietary nitrate/nitrite and cancers of the breast, bladder, colorectal, esophagus, renal cell, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, ovarian, and pancreas.”
Quoted verbatim from Association between dietary nitrate and nitrite intake and sitespecific cancer risk: evidence from observational studies.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- adults in prospective and case-control studies of dietary nitrate intake
Association between dietary nitrate and nitrite intake and sitespecific cancer risk: evidence from observational studies.2016PMID:27486968Permalink
No detected effect on urinary bladder cancer incidence
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“No significant associations were found between dietary nitrate/nitrite and cancers of the breast, bladder, colorectal, esophagus, renal cell, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, ovarian, and pancreas.”
Quoted verbatim from Association between dietary nitrate and nitrite intake and sitespecific cancer risk: evidence from observational studies.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- adults in prospective and case-control studies of dietary nitrate intake
Association between dietary nitrate and nitrite intake and sitespecific cancer risk: evidence from observational studies.2016PMID:27486968Permalink
No detected effect on mean power output
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“A random effects model was performed on six studies and showed that dietary nitrate had significant effects on time-to-peak power (SMD: -0.66, 95% CI: -1.127 to -0.192, p = 0.006) but not on mean power, peak power, or minimum power.”
Quoted verbatim from Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on High-Intensity Cycling Sprint Performance in Recreationally Active Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- healthy recreationally active adults performing 30-s cycling sprints
Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on High-Intensity Cycling Sprint Performance in Recreationally Active Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.2024PMID:39203900Permalink
No detected effect on body mass index
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“No significant effects of nitrate supplementation were observed on body weight, BMI, or diastolic blood pressure (DBP).”
Quoted verbatim from The effect of dietary nitrate on weight management: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- adults with obesity
The effect of dietary nitrate on weight management: a systematic review and meta-analysis.2026PMID:42130877Permalink
No detected effect on diastolic blood pressure (setting unspecified)
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“No significant effects of nitrate supplementation were observed on body weight, BMI, or diastolic blood pressure (DBP).”
Quoted verbatim from The effect of dietary nitrate on weight management: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- adults with obesity
The effect of dietary nitrate on weight management: a systematic review and meta-analysis.2026PMID:42130877Permalink
No detected effect on peak power output
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“A random effects model was performed on six studies and showed that dietary nitrate had significant effects on time-to-peak power (SMD: -0.66, 95% CI: -1.127 to -0.192, p = 0.006) but not on mean power, peak power, or minimum power.”
Quoted verbatim from Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on High-Intensity Cycling Sprint Performance in Recreationally Active Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- healthy recreationally active adults performing 30-s cycling sprints
Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on High-Intensity Cycling Sprint Performance in Recreationally Active Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.2024PMID:39203900Permalink
Show the remaining 5
No detected effect on maximal oxygen uptake
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“Nitrate supplementation decreased VO2 (MD - 0.04 L/min, P < 0.00001) but had no significant effect on VO2max or blood lactate levels.”
Quoted verbatim from The effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on endurance exercise performance and cardiorespiratory measures in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- adults engaging in endurance-based activity
The effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on endurance exercise performance and cardiorespiratory measures in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.2021PMID:34243756An author is affiliated with a producerPermalink
No detected effect on systolic blood pressure (office/clinic)
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“The reduction in systolic blood pressure after dosing between treatment conditions was not significantly different, however, the reduction in diastolic blood pressure was greater in the nitrate supplemented group (7±8 nitrate vs. 1±8mmHg placebo; p = 0.008).”
Quoted verbatim from Acute Dietary Nitrate Supplementation and Exercise Performance in COPD: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomised Controlled Pilot Study.. - Study
- crossover
- Dose
- 140 mL beetroot juice containing 12.9 mmol nitrate, single dose
- Population
- 21 adults with COPD (GOLD II-IV); change in resting seated systolic pressure from baseline to 3 h after a single dose, nitrate-rich versus nitrate-depleted beetroot juice
Acute Dietary Nitrate Supplementation and Exercise Performance in COPD: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomised Controlled Pilot Study.2015PMID:26698120An author is affiliated with a producerPermalink
No detected effect on systolic blood pressure (setting unspecified)
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull result“There is no significant effect of nitrate-rich beetroot juice on cardiovascular events as systolic, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate, or exercise performance as 6-min walk test, and cycling ergometry endurance time, or maximum rate of oxygen consumption (VO2).”
Quoted verbatim from Efficacy of dietary nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Efficacy of dietary nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A systematic review and meta-analysis.2021PMID:33745600Permalink
No detected effect on six-minute walk test distance
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull result“There is no significant effect of nitrate-rich beetroot juice on cardiovascular events as systolic, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate, or exercise performance as 6-min walk test, and cycling ergometry endurance time, or maximum rate of oxygen consumption (VO2).”
Quoted verbatim from Efficacy of dietary nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Efficacy of dietary nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A systematic review and meta-analysis.2021PMID:33745600Permalink
No detected effect on isometric peak force
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull result“There was no clear effect of NO3- on isometric MVC (SMD = 0.03, P = 0.758).”
Quoted verbatim from The Effect of Dietary Nitrate on the Contractile Properties of Human Skeletal Muscle: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- healthy adults
The Effect of Dietary Nitrate on the Contractile Properties of Human Skeletal Muscle: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.2023PMID:35604074Permalink
What it touches on the way
Mechanistic reach
13 entities
13 entities reached.
0 reported hops13 assembled from the scaffold
- CLIC4ProteinUNIPROT:Q9Y696transported byInferred only135 paths133 endpoints
- CLIC1ProteinUNIPROT:O00299transported byInferred only130 paths115 endpoints
- SLC1A5ProteinUNIPROT:Q15758transported byInferred only45 paths44 endpoints
- CLCC1ProteinUNIPROT:Q96S66transported byInferred only44 paths44 endpoints
- SLC1A4ProteinUNIPROT:P43007transported byInferred only32 paths32 endpoints
- SLC26A2ProteinUNIPROT:P50443transported byInferred only18 paths17 endpoints
- CLDN10ProteinUNIPROT:P78369transported byInferred only9 paths9 endpoints
- SLC5A5ProteinUNIPROT:Q92911transported byInferred only4 paths4 endpoints
- CLDN17ProteinUNIPROT:P56750transported byInferred only4 paths4 endpoints
- SLC26A7ProteinUNIPROT:Q8TE54transported byInferred only3 paths3 endpoints
- CLCN2ProteinUNIPROT:P51788transported byInferred only3 paths3 endpoints
- SLC17A5ProteinUNIPROT:Q9NRA2transported byInferred only1 path1 endpoint
Show the remaining 1
What the reference databases state
Statements
27 statements
27 statements · 1 reference database · Subject: nitrate · Sources: Rhea
- nitrate is converted to nitric oxideCompoundRhea RHEA:19465Inferred only
- nitric oxide is converted to nitrateCompoundRhea RHEA:19465Inferred only
- nitric oxide is converted to nitrateCompoundRhea RHEA:19469Inferred only
- nitrate is converted to nitric oxideCompoundRhea RHEA:19469Inferred only
- nitrate is converted to nitriteCompoundRhea RHEA:17913Inferred only
- nitrate is converted to nitriteCompoundRhea RHEA:19061Inferred only
- nitrite is converted to nitrateCompoundRhea RHEA:17913Inferred only
- nitrite is converted to nitrateCompoundRhea RHEA:19061Inferred only
- peroxynitrite is converted to nitrateCompoundRhea RHEA:63116Inferred only
- nitrate is transported by AQP6ProteinRhea RHEA:34923Inferred only
- nitrate is transported by CLCC1ProteinRhea RHEA:34923Inferred only
- nitrate is transported by CLCN1ProteinRhea RHEA:34923Inferred only
Show the remaining 15
- nitrate is transported by CLCN2ProteinRhea RHEA:34923Inferred only
- nitrate is transported by CLCNKAProteinRhea RHEA:34923Inferred only
- nitrate is transported by CLCNKBProteinRhea RHEA:34923Inferred only
- nitrate is transported by CLDN10ProteinRhea RHEA:34923Inferred only
- nitrate is transported by CLDN17ProteinRhea RHEA:34923Inferred only
- nitrate is transported by CLIC1ProteinRhea RHEA:34923Inferred only
- nitrate is transported by CLIC4ProteinRhea RHEA:34923Inferred only
- nitrate is transported by PANX1ProteinRhea RHEA:34923Inferred only
- nitrate is transported by SLC17A5ProteinRhea RHEA:71539Inferred only
- nitrate is transported by SLC1A4ProteinRhea RHEA:34923Inferred only
- nitrate is transported by SLC1A5ProteinRhea RHEA:34923Inferred only
- nitrate is transported by SLC26A2ProteinRhea RHEA:75339Inferred only
- nitrate is transported by SLC26A7ProteinRhea RHEA:34923Inferred only
- nitrate is transported by SLC5A5ProteinRhea RHEA:71219Inferred only
- nitrate is transported by SLC5A8ProteinRhea RHEA:34923Inferred only
Reactions
26 reactions
2Fe(II)-[cytochrome]+nitrate+2hydron2Fe(III)-[cytochrome]+nitrite+water
Reaction pageDirection not assertedBalance undeterminable
Rhea RHEA:12909CC BY 4.0Reference data
nitrate+ATP(4-)+waternitrate+ADP(3-)+hydrogenphosphate+hydron
Reaction pageDirection not assertedBalanced
Rhea RHEA:13181CC BY 4.0Reference data
nitrite+NAD(1-)+waternitrate+NADH(2-)+hydron
Reaction pageDirection not assertedBalanced
Rhea RHEA:17913CC BY 4.0Reference data
nitrite+NADP(3-)+waternitrate+NADPH(4-)+hydron
Reaction pageDirection not assertedBalanced
Rhea RHEA:19061CC BY 4.0Reference data
2nitric oxide+NADPH(4-)+2dioxygen2nitrate+NADP(3-)+hydron
Reaction pageDirection not assertedBalanced
Rhea RHEA:19465CC BY 4.0Reference data
2nitric oxide+NADH(2-)+2dioxygen2nitrate+NAD(1-)+hydron
Reaction pageDirection not assertedBalanced
Rhea RHEA:19469CC BY 4.0Reference data
Reaction pageDirection not assertedBalanced
Rhea RHEA:21068CC BY 4.0Reference data
nitrite+2oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin]+waternitrate+2reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin]+2hydron
Reaction pageDirection not assertedBalance undeterminable
Rhea RHEA:21828CC BY 4.0Reference data
nitrate+nitritenitrate+nitrite
Reaction pageDirection not assertedBalanced
Rhea RHEA:28743CC BY 4.0Reference data
a ubiquinol+nitratea ubiquinone+nitrite+water
Reaction pageDirection not assertedBalance undeterminable
Rhea RHEA:29119CC BY 4.0Reference data
CHEBI:61682+nitrateCHEBI:61683+nitrite+water
Reaction pageDirection not assertedBalanced
Rhea RHEA:29123CC BY 4.0Reference data
a menaquinol+nitratea menaquinone+nitrite+water
Reaction pageDirection not assertedBalance undeterminable
Rhea RHEA:29127CC BY 4.0Reference data
On the label
Labelled products
10 products
Source: NIH DSLD · Ingredient: nitrate · 10 products · Declared amount per serving: 0.064–777 mg (5 products)
8 labels state an amount2 do not
- Alpha BaseDarksideBeet500 mgper 2.5 Gram(s)DSLD:299312
- AOR Advanced Orthomolecular Research AdvancedCardioNOxPotassium Nitrate · Nitrate (Form: from Potassium Nitrate)777 mgper 1 Capsule(s)DSLD:214551
- AOR Advanced Orthomolecular Research AdvancedOrtho HeartPotassium Nitrate · Nitrate (Form: from Potassium Nitrate)129.5 mgper 1 Capsule(s)DSLD:214844
- Complete H2O MineralsGold Concentrate50 mcgper 0.5 tspDSLD:180218
- Complete H2O MineralsGold Concentrate50 mcgper 0.5 tspDSLD:180252
- Complete H2O MineralsSilver Concentrate0.064 mgper 0.5 tspDSLD:180177
- Complete H2O MineralsSilver Concentrate0.064 mgper 5 mLDSLD:252073
- Complete H2O MineralsSports Blend Electrolite Liquid Mineralsamount not statedper 5 mLDSLD:19142
- Complete H2O MineralsUltimate Gold Concentrate100 mcgper 1 mLDSLD:252077
- Complete H2O MineralsUltimate Molybdenum Concentrateamount not statedper 1 mLDSLD:252150
Label record: NIH Office of Dietary Supplements · CC0
Registered, and not reported
- Source
- ClinicalTrials.gov
- Intervention
- nitrate
- Status
- Completed, terminated or suspended
- Results posted
- No
Trials without posted results
328 trials
328 registered trials without posted results · Overdue (FDAAA 801): 112 · Showing 120 of 328
112 past the window8 within it, or no actual date
- NCT07215767completed2026-08-11industry
- NCT07662460completed2026-05-22a university or hospital
- NCT06227091completed2026-05-20a university or hospital
- NCT07417150completed2026-05-07a university or hospital
- NCT07019129terminated— Unable to recruit adequate number of participants2026-04-02a university or hospital
- NCT07297732completed2026-03-19industry
- NCT06598488completed2025-12-16a university or hospital
- NCT06967818completed2025-12-10a university or hospital
- NCT07735455completed2025-09-30a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT06949072completed2025-09-11industrypast the reporting window
- NCT04920799completed2025-08-28a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT06956599completed2025-08-11industrypast the reporting window
Show the remaining 316
- NCT06029283completed2025-08-01a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT07242066completed2025-08-01a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT07272486completed2025-07-31a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT07718685completed2025-06-30a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
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- NCT06872749completed2025-03-10a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
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- NCT03511248terminated— abandoned2025-01-07a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT04665648completed2024-12-31a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT07746310completed2024-12-31a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT06758323completed2024-12-26a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
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- NCT03920306completed2024-09-01a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT05031520terminated— Study was terminated due to funding expiration.2024-09-01a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT06216262completed2024-08-23a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT01652209completed2024-08-12industrypast the reporting window
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- NCT06066671completed2024-05-07a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
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- NCT06748391completed2024-01-01a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT06878638completed2024-01-01a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT05720013completed2023-12-31a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT05835401completed2023-12-31a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT06090851completed2023-12-31a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
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- NCT04588740completed2023-12-30a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT06394557completed2023-12-12a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT06045845completed2023-11-17a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT03088514completed2023-11-15a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
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- NCT06358924completed2023-08-25a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT06358911completed2023-08-05a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT05928676completed2023-07-31industrypast the reporting window
- NCT05810974completed2023-07-07a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT06392893completed2023-06-07a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT05710341completed2023-05-30a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT04370756completed2023-05-26a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
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- NCT05221892completed2023-03-31a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
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- NCT05668676completed2023-02-27a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
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- NCT04642690terminated— could not collect adequate samples2022-12-09a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT05544981completed2022-12-02a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT03944226completed2022-11-28a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT05518214completed2022-10-31a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
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- NCT05452421completed2022-10-10a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT05525871completed2022-09-10a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT06675305completed2022-07-01a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
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- NCT04560049completed2022-06-15a government bodypast the reporting window
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- NCT05657093completed2022-05-07a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT05054023completed2022-03-21a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT05337527completed2022-03-18a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
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- NCT05853523completed2022-02-27a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT02980068completed2022-02-25an individualpast the reporting window
- NCT05290298completed2022-02-01a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
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- NCT07501806completed2021-11-11a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT02850367completed2021-09a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT05007054completed2021-08-01a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
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- NCT06056947completed2021-05-06a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT04700241completed2021-05-05a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT05299450completed2021-04-30a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT06675682completed2021-03-24a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT03658174completed2020-12-31a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
- NCT06303830completed2020-12-17a university or hospitalpast the reporting window
Where it reaches
10 systems, 28 regions, 190 tissues, 371 transporter routes — routes, not measurements: transporters known to carry nitrate are expressed there, and no source reports it arriving.
Loading the model…
Papers screened
1,727 papers
- Compound
- nitrate
- Screened
- 1,727
- Admitted
- 12
- Discarded
- 1,596
- Not read
- 119
- Showing
- 200 of 1,727
Produced a finding12 papers
and 12 more.
Read and discarded1,596 papers
- PMID:10517425cited by PMID:18250365; not about the subject it would be filed under2026-10-12
- PMID:10656054cited by PMID:18250365; not about the subject it would be filed under2026-10-12
- PMID:10789374cited by PMID:18250365; not about the subject it would be filed under2026-10-12
- PMID:11157665cited by PMID:18250365; not about the subject it would be filed under2026-10-12
- PMID:11325866cited by PMID:18250365; not about the subject it would be filed under2026-10-12
- PMID:11412050cited by PMID:18250365; not about the subject it would be filed under2026-10-12
- PMID:11708836cited by PMID:18250365; not about the subject it would be filed under2026-10-12
- PMID:14595407cited by PMID:18250365; not about the subject it would be filed under2026-10-12
- PMID:15223073cited by PMID:18250365; not about the subject it would be filed under2026-10-12
- PMID:15347817cited by PMID:18250365; not about the subject it would be filed under2026-10-12
- PMID:15523086cited by PMID:18250365; not about the subject it would be filed under2026-10-12
- PMID:15683589cited by PMID:18250365; not about the subject it would be filed under2026-10-12
and 1,584 more.
Not read yet119 papers
and 119 more.
Measured, not recorded
- Compound
- nitrate
- Endpoints measured
- 1,106 endpoints
- Recorded as a finding
- No
Show what was measured
plasma nitrate concentration
increases, p = 0.001, n = 14
there was a rapid rise (~16-fold) in nitrate concentration appearing after the first 30 min, peaking at 1.5h and remaining at this level up to 6h following ingestion (P<0.001 compared to control)
PMID:18250365 · one of two readings recorded this
plasma nitrate concentration
unclear, p = 0.05, n = 14
Nitrate levels showed a trend to remain elevated at 24h following beetroot juice compared to water (P=0.05)
PMID:18250365 · one of two readings recorded this
plasma nitrite concentration
increases, n = 14
Plasma nitrite also increased significantly (2-fold) following beetroot juice ingestion
PMID:18250365 · one of two readings recorded this
plasma nitrite concentration
no effect, n = 14
Levels had returned to near baseline by 24h
PMID:18250365 · one of two readings recorded this
plasma nitrite concentration
decreases, p = 0.05, n = 6
Interrupting the enterosalivary circulation by spitting out all saliva blocked the rise in plasma nitrite concentration at 2.5h (P<0.05) but had no significant effect on plasma nitrate or plasma K+ concentration
PMID:18250365 · one of two readings recorded this
correlation of change in plasma nitrate with change in systolic BP
no effect, p = 0.05
However, there was no significant correlation between change in plasma nitrate concentration and change in systolic BP (Pearson’s r=−0.17, P>0.05)
PMID:18250365 · one of two readings recorded this
correlation of change in plasma nitrite with change in systolic BP
decreases, p = 0.008
a significant inverse correlation between the change in plasma nitrite concentration and the change in systolic BP from baseline (Pearson’s r=−0.26, P=0.008, Figure 2)
PMID:18250365 · one of two readings recorded this
diastolic blood pressure, peak difference
decreases, p = 0.01, n = 14
the peak differences in diastolic BP and MAP were seen at 3h post ingestion, with changes of 8.1±2.1 mmHg and 8.0±2.1 mmHg respectively (both P<0.01, Figure 2)
PMID:18250365 · one of two readings recorded this
diastolic blood pressure
no effect, n = 14
There were no differences in diastolic BP at 24h
PMID:18250365 · one of two readings recorded this
ex vivo platelet aggregation to ADP and collagen
no effect, n = 6
Platelet aggregation to ADP and collagen were inhibited 2.5h after beetroot ingestion (both P<0.001), however no inhibition of platelet aggregation was seen with spitting
PMID:18250365 · one of two readings recorded this
ex vivo platelet aggregation to ADP
decreases, p = 0.001, n = 6
Platelet aggregation to ADP and collagen were inhibited 2.5h after beetroot ingestion (both P<0.001), however no inhibition of platelet aggregation was seen with spitting
PMID:18250365 · one of two readings recorded this
ex vivo platelet aggregation to collagen
decreases, p = 0.001, n = 6
Platelet aggregation to ADP and collagen were inhibited 2.5h after beetroot ingestion (both P<0.001), however no inhibition of platelet aggregation was seen with spitting
PMID:18250365 · one of two readings recorded this
FMD response after I/R, protection by beetroot juice
increases, p = 0.05, n = 10
whilst beetroot juice did not alter pre-ischemic brachial artery dilatation, it protected against I/R-induced depression of this response as evidenced by complete prevention of ischemia-induced endothelial dysfunction (P<0.05, Figure 3)
PMID:18250365 · one of two readings recorded this
FMD response after ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R), suppression
decreases, p = 0.001, n = 10
I/R of the forearm significantly reduced the FMD response in control subjects resulting in an approximate ~60 % suppression of the FMD response (P<0.001, Figure 3)
PMID:18250365 · one of two readings recorded this
mean arterial pressure (MAP), peak difference
decreases, p = 0.01, n = 14
the peak differences in diastolic BP and MAP were seen at 3h post ingestion, with changes of 8.1±2.1 mmHg and 8.0±2.1 mmHg respectively (both P<0.01, Figure 2)
PMID:18250365 · one of two readings recorded this
mean heart rate over 1-6 h
no effect, n = 14
The mean heart rate was not significantly altered over the 1-6h period following beetroot juice or water ingestion (70.2±0.3 and 69.0±0.5 bpm respectively, Figure 2)
PMID:18250365 · one of two readings recorded this
plasma nitrate and potassium concentration
no effect, n = 6
Interrupting the enterosalivary circulation by spitting out all saliva blocked the rise in plasma nitrite concentration at 2.5h (P<0.05) but had no significant effect on plasma nitrate or plasma K+ concentration
PMID:18250365 · one of two readings recorded this
plasma nitrite concentration (peak)
increases, n = 14
An effect that reached a peak at 3h and remaining at this raised level up until 5 h after juice ingestion
PMID:18250365 · one of two readings recorded this
plasma potassium concentration
increases
Plasma K+ concentration increased rapidly following beetroot juice ingestion peaking by 1h but had returned to baseline levels by 3h
PMID:18250365 · one of two readings recorded this
pre-ischaemic brachial artery dilatation
no effect, n = 10
whilst beetroot juice did not alter pre-ischemic brachial artery dilatation, it protected against I/R-induced depression of this response as evidenced by complete prevention of ischemia-induced endothelial dysfunction (P<0.05, Figure 3)
PMID:18250365 · one of two readings recorded this
systolic and diastolic blood pressure and MAP over 24 h (Omron 705CP, seated, mean of 2nd and 3rd of three readings); plasma nitrite and nitrate by chemiluminescence; forearm FMD after ischaemia-reperfusion; ex vivo platelet aggregation to ADP and collagen
decreases
Not recorded as a finding: the intervention held more than the compound
However, BP began to decrease from 1h following ingestion of juice compared to the water control.
PMID:18250365 · one of two readings recorded this
systolic blood pressure, 24 h versus -1 h within beetroot juice
decreases, p = 0.01, n = 14
systolic BP was significantly reduced by ~6 mmHg at 24h after beetroot juice ingestion compared to −1 h (106.2±2.8 and 112.4±3.4 mmHg respectively, P<0.01)
PMID:18250365 · one of two readings recorded this
systolic blood pressure, peak difference
decreases, p = 0.01, n = 14
The peak difference in systolic BP was achieved at 2.5h following ingestion with a drop of 10.4±3.0 mmHg (P<0.01)
PMID:18250365 · one of two readings recorded this
systolic blood pressure reduction
increases, p = 0.05, n = 6
Spitting also blocked the reduction in SBP (P<0.05 compared to swallowing; Figure 2)
PMID:18250365 · one of two readings recorded this
systolic blood pressure
unclear, p = 0.058, n = 14
At 24h, systolic BP was 4.4 mmHg lower with beetroot juice than water, although not statistically significantly different (P=0.058)
PMID:18250365 · one of two readings recorded this
diastolic blood pressure at rest and during CPX testing
decreases, diastolic blood pressure lower in the BR group at rest and during CPX
Not recorded as a finding: sentence pools rest and exercise-test readings into one statement and gives no acquisition protocol, so no single setting could be assigned to a diastolic blood pressure node
Diastolic blood pressure was lower in the BR group at rest and during CPX testing (P ≤ 0.05).
PMID:21454745 · one of two readings recorded this
diastolic blood pressure at rest and during CPX testing
decreases, p = 0.05, n = 8
Diastolic blood pressure was lower in the BR group at rest and during CPX testing (P ≤ 0.05)
PMID:21454745 · one of two readings recorded this
gastrocnemius tissue fractional O2 extraction during exercise
decreases, p = 0.01, n = 8
Gastrocnemius tissue fractional O(2) extraction was lower during exercise following BR (7.3 ± 6.2 vs. 10.4 ± 6.1 arbitrary units; P ≤ 0.01)
PMID:21454745 · one of two readings recorded this
peak walking time
increases, p = 0.05, n = 8
had a 17% longer peak walking time (467 ± 223 s vs. 533 ± 233 s; P ≤ 0.05) following BR vs. PL
PMID:21454745 · one of two readings recorded this
plasma nitrite concentration after beetroot juice
increases, p = 0.01, n = 8
BR increased plasma [NO(2)(-)] after 3 h (943 ± 826 nM; P ≤ 0.01)
PMID:21454745 · one of two readings recorded this
plasma nitrite concentration after placebo (change from rest)
no effect, n = 8
There were no changes from rest for [NO(2)(-)] (152 ± 72 nM) following PL
PMID:21454745 · one of two readings recorded this
walking time before onset of claudication pain
increases, p = 0.01, n = 8
Subjects walked 18% longer before the onset of claudication pain (183 ± 84 s vs. 215 ± 99 s; P ≤ 0.01)
PMID:21454745 · one of two readings recorded this
walking time to onset of claudication pain and peak walking time during a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test in peripheral arterial disease; gastrocnemius fractional O2 extraction by NIRS; plasma nitrite; diastolic blood pressure
increases, walked 18% longer before onset of claudication pain; 17% longer peak walking time following BR vs. PL
Not recorded as a finding: a node exists but the paper states a different instrument or population
Subjects walked 18% longer before the onset of claudication pain (183 ± 84 s vs. 215 ± 99 s; P ≤ 0.01) and had a 17% longer peak walking time (467 ± 223 s vs. 533 ± 233 s; P ≤ 0.05) following BR vs. PL.
PMID:21454745 · one of two readings recorded this
walking time to onset of claudication pain and peak walking time on a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) treadmill test
increases, 18% longer to claudication onset (183 +/- 84 vs 215 +/- 99 s); 17% longer peak walking time (467 +/- 223 vs 533 +/- 233 s)
Not recorded as a finding: time-to-exhaustion node requires a fixed submaximal workload to volitional failure; this is a maximal incremental CPX test and onset-of-pain time (near miss)
Subjects walked 18% longer before the onset of claudication pain (183 ± 84 s vs. 215 ± 99 s; P ≤ 0.01) and had a 17% longer peak walking time (467 ± 223 s vs. 533 ± 233 s; P ≤ 0.05) following BR vs. PL.
PMID:21454745 · one of two readings recorded this
plasma nitrite concentration
increases, p = 0.01, n = 9
Plasma [nitrite] was elevated (P < 0.01) following BR (194 ± 51 nm) compared to PL (129 ± 23 nm) and CON (142 ± 37 nM)
PMID:21911616 · one of two readings recorded this
muscle [PCr] recovery time constant after knee-extension exercise, 31P-MRS
decreases, recovery tau 29 +/- 5 s in H-PL vs 24 +/- 5 s in H-BR
Not recorded as a finding: muscle-phosphocreatine node is intramuscular PCr concentration; a recovery time constant is a different quantity (near miss)
The [PCr] recovery time constant was greater (P < 0.01) in H-PL (29 ± 5 s) compared to CON (23 ± 5 s) and H-BR (24 ± 5 s).
PMID:21911616 · one of two readings recorded this
[PCr] recovery time constant
decreases, p = 0.01, n = 9
The [PCr] recovery time constant was greater (P < 0.01) in H-PL (29 ± 5 s) compared to CON (23 ± 5 s) and H-BR (24 ± 5 s)
PMID:21911616 · one of two readings recorded this
rate of change of muscle [PCr], [Pi] and pH during exercise
increases, n = 9
The muscle [PCr], [P(i)] and pH changed at a faster rate in H-PL compared to CON and H-BR
PMID:21911616 · one of two readings recorded this
time to limit of tolerance (T(lim)) during knee-extension exercise in hypoxia
no effect, T(lim) 393 +/- 169 s H-PL vs 471 +/- 200 s CON; CON vs H-BR (477 +/- 200 s) not different
Not recorded as a finding: reported as hypoxic placebo vs normoxia and normoxia vs hypoxic nitrate, not as a direct nitrate-vs-placebo contrast; workload and modality for the time-to-exhaustion node not stated in the abstract
T(lim) was reduced in H-PL compared to CON (393 ± 169 vs. 471 ± 200 s; P < 0.05) but was not different between CON and H-BR (477 ± 200 s).
PMID:21911616 · one of two readings recorded this
time to limit of tolerance (T(lim)), knee extension
no effect, n = 9
T(lim) was reduced in H-PL compared to CON (393 ± 169 vs. 471 ± 200 s; P < 0.05) but was not different between CON and H-BR (477 ± 200 s)
PMID:21911616 · one of two readings recorded this
time to limit of tolerance (T(lim)), knee extension
decreases, p = 0.05, n = 9
T(lim) was reduced in H-PL compared to CON (393 ± 169 vs. 471 ± 200 s; P < 0.05) but was not different between CON and H-BR (477 ± 200 s)
PMID:21911616 · one of two readings recorded this
mean dietary nitrate intake
The mean nitrate intake among controls was 103.0 mg/day (SD: 68.0 mg/day) and the mean nitrite intake was 1.3 mg/day (SD: 0.6 mg/day)
PMID:23013327 · one of two readings recorded this
mean dietary nitrate intake
The mean nitrate intake among cases was 100.3 mg/day (standard deviation (SD): 70.6 mg/day) and the mean nitrite intake was 1.4 mg/day (SD: 0.7 mg/day)
PMID:23013327 · one of two readings recorded this
mean dietary nitrite intake
The mean nitrate intake among controls was 103.0 mg/day (SD: 68.0 mg/day) and the mean nitrite intake was 1.3 mg/day (SD: 0.6 mg/day)
PMID:23013327 · one of two readings recorded this
mean dietary nitrite intake
The mean nitrate intake among cases was 100.3 mg/day (standard deviation (SD): 70.6 mg/day) and the mean nitrite intake was 1.4 mg/day (SD: 0.7 mg/day)
PMID:23013327 · one of two readings recorded this
NHL subtypes
no effect
No significant association was observed for nitrate or nitrite intake with any of the NHL subtypes evaluated
PMID:23013327 · one of two readings recorded this
non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk
no effect
We found no association between the risk of NHL and dietary nitrate intake (Table 2)
PMID:23013327 · one of two readings recorded this
non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk
unclear, n = 52
we found a slightly elevated risk of NHL among women (n = 52) had the highest intake of nitrite (highest vs. lowest quartile OR = 1.6; 95% CI: 0.8–2.9)
PMID:23013327 · one of two readings recorded this
non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk
increases, n = 34
The risk of NHL was increased in women (n = 34) with high nitrite from animal products (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.0–3.4)
PMID:23013327 · one of two readings recorded this
non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk
no effect, n = 40
but not in women (n = 40) with high nitrite from plant sources of nitrite (OR = 0.8; 95% CI: 0.4–1.6)
PMID:23013327 · one of two readings recorded this
risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (histologically confirmed, WHO classification), overall and by subtype and t(14;18) status, by quartile of FFQ dietary nitrate intake, odds ratio
no effect, no association between NHL risk and dietary nitrate intake
Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint
We found no association between the risk of NHL and dietary nitrate intake (Table 2).
PMID:23013327 · one of two readings recorded this
t(14;18)-positive NHL
unclear
we found a non-significant elevated risk of t(14;18)-positive NHL associated with the highest tertile of nitrite intake (OR = 1.6; 95% CI: 0.8–3.3)
PMID:23013327 · one of two readings recorded this
erythrocyte nitrite reductase activity in vitro, males versus females
no effect
unlikely to be due to differences in the nitrite reductase potential of erythrocytes since activity, assessed in vitro, at both pH 7.4 and 6.8 (optimal conditions for nitrite reduction) was identical
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
ex vivo platelet aggregation to ADP and collagen by impedance aggregometry (AUC), male vs female
decreases
Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for platelet aggregation; result is sex-dependent (suppressed in males, no change in females) so no whole-population estimate
In male volunteers these elevations were associated with a significant suppression of ADP (and B) but not epinephrine-induced aggregatory response (and D).
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
ex vivo platelet aggregation to ADP (LTA concentration-response)
no effect
Importantly, the concentration–response curves to both ADP and collagen, but not epinephrine, were significantly suppressed following dietary nitrate treatment in males but not females
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
ex vivo platelet aggregation to ADP (LTA concentration-response)
decreases
Importantly, the concentration–response curves to both ADP and collagen, but not epinephrine, were significantly suppressed following dietary nitrate treatment in males but not females
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
ex vivo platelet aggregation to ADP, whole-blood impedance aggregometry (Multiplate), AUC
decreases, significant suppression of ADP-induced aggregation in males, not epinephrine-induced; no change in females
Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for platelet aggregation; the effect is also reported in males only (sex subgroup), with no change in females
In male volunteers these elevations were associated with a significant suppression of ADP (and B) but not epinephrine-induced aggregatory response (and D).
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
ex vivo platelet aggregation to collagen (LTA concentration-response)
no effect
Importantly, the concentration–response curves to both ADP and collagen, but not epinephrine, were significantly suppressed following dietary nitrate treatment in males but not females
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
ex vivo platelet aggregation to collagen (LTA concentration-response)
decreases
Importantly, the concentration–response curves to both ADP and collagen, but not epinephrine, were significantly suppressed following dietary nitrate treatment in males but not females
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
ex vivo platelet aggregation to epinephrine (LTA concentration-response)
no effect
Importantly, the concentration–response curves to both ADP and collagen, but not epinephrine, were significantly suppressed following dietary nitrate treatment in males but not females
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
plasma nitrate after beetroot juice
increases
In both male and female volunteers, dietary nitrate administration, in the form of beetroot juice, caused a significant rise in plasma [nitrite] and [nitrate]
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
plasma nitrite after beetroot juice
increases
In both male and female volunteers, dietary nitrate administration, in the form of beetroot juice, caused a significant rise in plasma [nitrite] and [nitrate]
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
plasma, salivary and urinary nitrate and nitrite after KNO3 supplementation
increases
Following KNO3 supplementation there was significant elevation in plasma, salivary, and urinary [nitrate] and [nitrite] in both male and female healthy volunteers, an effect not seen following KCl ingestion
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
platelet aggregation in PRP after in vitro Sper-NO incubation
decreases
In contrast, prior incubation of platelets with Sper-NO caused a concentration-dependent attenuation of platelet aggregation
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
platelet aggregation to ADP or collagen after in vitro nitrite incubation of PRP
no effect
Nitrite treatment did not alter the aggregating response to either ADP or collagen of PRP collected from untreated healthy male volunteers following a 30 min (and B) or a 10 min pretreatment period (and F)
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
platelet cGMP after in vitro nitrite incubation of whole blood
no effect
In contrast, nitrite did not alter responses of whole blood collected from female healthy volunteers to ADP and nitrite treatment was not associated with any elevation of platelet cGMP levels (and F)
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
platelet cGMP after in vitro nitrite incubation of whole blood
increases
This effect of nitrite was associated with a near doubling of platelet cGMP levels
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
platelet cGMP after KNO3 supplementation
no effect
In contrast, the lack of effect of inorganic nitrate consumption in females was associated with an absence of any rise in platelet cGMP levels and no changes in P-selectin expression
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
platelet cGMP after KNO3 supplementation
increases
In males, attenuation of ex vivo platelet reactivity following inorganic nitrate ingestion was associated with a doubling of platelet cGMP levels and a significant suppression of P-selectin expression
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
platelet cGMP, ELISA, and platelet P-selectin expression, flow cytometry
increases, doubling of platelet cGMP and significant suppression of P-selectin expression in males; no change in females
Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for platelet cGMP or P-selectin; reported in males only
In males, attenuation of ex vivo platelet reactivity following inorganic nitrate ingestion was associated with a doubling of platelet cGMP levels and a significant suppression of P-selectin expression.
PMID:23806384 · both readings recorded this
platelet number after KNO3 or KCl ingestion
no effect
Neither KNO3 or KCl ingestion affected platelet number in either males or females (and E)
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
platelet P-selectin expression after KNO3 supplementation
no effect
In contrast, the lack of effect of inorganic nitrate consumption in females was associated with an absence of any rise in platelet cGMP levels and no changes in P-selectin expression
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
platelet P-selectin expression after KNO3 supplementation
decreases
In males, attenuation of ex vivo platelet reactivity following inorganic nitrate ingestion was associated with a doubling of platelet cGMP levels and a significant suppression of P-selectin expression
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
platelet response to any aggregating stimulus after placebo
no effect
The placebo had no effect on platelet responses to any aggregating stimuli in either sex
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
whole blood platelet aggregation after KNO3 supplementation
no effect
In contrast, despite elevations in systemic [nitrite] and [nitrate] following KNO3 ingestion in female volunteers, no change in ex vivo platelet reactivity was demonstrated
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
whole blood platelet aggregation to ADP after in vitro nitrite incubation (maximum inhibition)
decreases
Nitrite incubation (KNO2, 10 min) caused a modest (maximum effect 27±8% inhibition) concentration-dependent reduction in platelet aggregation in response to ADP and to a lesser extent collagen, although the latter did not reach statistical significance
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
whole blood platelet aggregation to ADP after in vitro nitrite incubation
no effect
In contrast, nitrite did not alter responses of whole blood collected from female healthy volunteers to ADP and nitrite treatment was not associated with any elevation of platelet cGMP levels (and F)
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
whole blood platelet aggregation to ADP after KCl salt control incubation
no effect, n = 5
Incubation with an equivalent salt solution control of KCL had no significant effect on responses to ADP (PBS 42±5.1 AU, 0.3 µmol/L 42.1±3.9 AU, 1 µmol/L 35±4.9 AU, 3 µmol/L 35.4±7.1 AU, n=5 for each)
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
whole blood platelet aggregation to ADP after KNO3 supplementation
decreases
In male volunteers these elevations were associated with a significant suppression of ADP (and B) but not epinephrine-induced aggregatory response (and D)
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
whole blood platelet aggregation to ADP after Sper-NO, females versus males
decreases
In support of a reduced sensitivity of females to NO, Sper-NO caused concentration-dependent attenuation of platelet aggregation in response to ADP that was significantly reduced in females compared to males
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
whole blood platelet aggregation to collagen after in vitro nitrite incubation
unclear
Nitrite incubation (KNO2, 10 min) caused a modest (maximum effect 27±8% inhibition) concentration-dependent reduction in platelet aggregation in response to ADP and to a lesser extent collagen, although the latter did not reach statistical significance
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
whole blood platelet aggregation to epinephrine after in vitro nitrite incubation
no effect
Nitrite treatment had no effect on epinephrine-induced aggregation responses
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
whole blood platelet aggregation to epinephrine after KNO3 supplementation
no effect
In male volunteers these elevations were associated with a significant suppression of ADP (and B) but not epinephrine-induced aggregatory response (and D)
PMID:23806384 · one of two readings recorded this
correlation of plasma NO concentration with study outcome measures
no effect, p = 0.1, n = 12
Correlations between plasma NO concentration and the aforementioned variables were found to be not significant (p > 0.1)
PMID:24476472 · one of two readings recorded this
diastolic blood pressure (DBP)
no effect, n = 12
The beetroot juice treatment had no significant effect on RQ, V̇E, heart rate, or DBP
PMID:24476472 · one of two readings recorded this
heart rate-SBP product
decreases, p = 0.01, n = 12
the beetroot juice treatment decreased the heart rate-SBP product at rest and at the constant exercise workloads corresponding to 40%, 60%, and 80% of the predetermined V̇O2peak (p < 0.01)
PMID:24476472 · one of two readings recorded this
heart rate-SBP product
decreases, p = 0.01, n = 12
the beetroot juice treatment decreased the heart rate-SBP product at rest and at the constant exercise workloads corresponding to 40%, 60%, and 80% of the predetermined V̇O2peak (p < 0.01)
PMID:24476472 · one of two readings recorded this
heart rate-SBP product
decreases, p = 0.01, n = 12
the beetroot juice treatment decreased the heart rate-SBP product at rest and at the constant exercise workloads corresponding to 40%, 60%, and 80% of the predetermined V̇O2peak (p < 0.01)
PMID:24476472 · one of two readings recorded this
heart rate-SBP product
decreases, p = 0.01, n = 12
the beetroot juice treatment decreased the heart rate-SBP product at rest and at the constant exercise workloads corresponding to 40%, 60%, and 80% of the predetermined V̇O2peak (p < 0.01)
PMID:24476472 · one of two readings recorded this
heart rate
no effect, n = 12
The beetroot juice treatment had no significant effect on RQ, V̇E, heart rate, or DBP
PMID:24476472 · one of two readings recorded this
minute ventilation (VE)
no effect, n = 12
The beetroot juice treatment had no significant effect on RQ, V̇E, heart rate, or DBP
PMID:24476472 · one of two readings recorded this
oxygen consumption (VO2)
no effect, n = 12
the beetroot juice treatment had no effect on V̇O2 at rest but decreased V̇O2 measured at the constant workloads corresponding to 40%, 60%. and 80% of the predetermined V̇O2peak (p < 0.05)
PMID:24476472 · one of two readings recorded this
oxygen consumption (VO2)
decreases, p = 0.05, n = 12
the beetroot juice treatment had no effect on V̇O2 at rest but decreased V̇O2 measured at the constant workloads corresponding to 40%, 60%. and 80% of the predetermined V̇O2peak (p < 0.05)
PMID:24476472 · one of two readings recorded this
oxygen consumption (VO2)
decreases, p = 0.05, n = 12
the beetroot juice treatment had no effect on V̇O2 at rest but decreased V̇O2 measured at the constant workloads corresponding to 40%, 60%. and 80% of the predetermined V̇O2peak (p < 0.05)
PMID:24476472 · one of two readings recorded this
oxygen consumption (VO2)
decreases, p = 0.05, n = 12
the beetroot juice treatment had no effect on V̇O2 at rest but decreased V̇O2 measured at the constant workloads corresponding to 40%, 60%. and 80% of the predetermined V̇O2peak (p < 0.05)
PMID:24476472 · one of two readings recorded this
plasma nitric oxide concentration, electrochemical inNO-T analyser; systolic blood pressure at rest and at 40, 60 and 80% of peak VO2 by automated sphygmomanometer; submaximal oxygen consumption by breath-by-breath metabolic system
increases, 4.5 ± 3.4 nmol/L to 17.8 ± 8.8 nmol/L after beetroot juice
Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint
Figure 1 shows that the beetroot juice treatment increased the plasma NO concentration from (mean ± SD) 4.5 ± 3.4 nmol·L−1 to 17.8 ± 8.8 nmol·L−1 (p < 0.001).
PMID:24476472 · one of two readings recorded this
plasma NO concentration
increases, p = 0.001, n = 12
the beetroot juice treatment increased the plasma NO concentration from (mean ± SD) 4.5 ± 3.4 nmol·L−1 to 17.8 ± 8.8 nmol·L−1 (p < 0.001)
PMID:24476472 · one of two readings recorded this
respiratory quotient (RQ)
no effect, n = 12
The beetroot juice treatment had no significant effect on RQ, V̇E, heart rate, or DBP
PMID:24476472 · one of two readings recorded this
systolic blood pressure at rest and during cycle ergometry at 40%, 60% and 80% of VO2peak (SunTech 4240 automated device), 500 mL beetroot juice versus isocaloric orange juice, unblinded crossover in 12 healthy young women
decreases, beetroot juice treatment decreased SBP versus placebo orange juice at rest and at each workload
Not recorded as a finding: the supporting sentence never names the compound
Table 2 shows that, compared with the placebo orange juice control treatment, the beetroot juice treatment decreased SBP at rest and at the constant exercise workloads corresponding to 40%, 60%, and 80% of the subjects’ predetermined V̇O2peak (p < 0.05).
PMID:24476472 · one of two readings recorded this
systolic blood pressure (SBP)
decreases, p = 0.05, n = 12
the beetroot juice treatment decreased SBP at rest and at the constant exercise workloads corresponding to 40%, 60%, and 80% of the subjects’ predetermined V̇O2peak (p < 0.05)
PMID:24476472 · one of two readings recorded this
systolic blood pressure (SBP)
decreases, p = 0.05, n = 12
the beetroot juice treatment decreased SBP at rest and at the constant exercise workloads corresponding to 40%, 60%, and 80% of the subjects’ predetermined V̇O2peak (p < 0.05)
PMID:24476472 · one of two readings recorded this
systolic blood pressure (SBP)
decreases, p = 0.05, n = 12
the beetroot juice treatment decreased SBP at rest and at the constant exercise workloads corresponding to 40%, 60%, and 80% of the subjects’ predetermined V̇O2peak (p < 0.05)
PMID:24476472 · one of two readings recorded this
systolic blood pressure (SBP)
decreases, p = 0.05, n = 12
the beetroot juice treatment decreased SBP at rest and at the constant exercise workloads corresponding to 40%, 60%, and 80% of the subjects’ predetermined V̇O2peak (p < 0.05)
PMID:24476472 · one of two readings recorded this
breath NO
increases, p = 0.001, n = 12
NO3- ingestion significantly (P<0.001; ES=0.85 to 1.53) increased NO bioavailability, as indicated by the amount of NO in breath
PMID:25199856 · one of two readings recorded this
calculated maximal knee extensor power (Pmax) and velocity (Vmax) from isokinetic dynamometry, Biodex 4, parabola fitted to peak power at five angular velocities; also maximal isometric knee extensor torque, Nm/kg
increases, Pmax higher in the NO3- trial, ES=0.63
Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint
Vmax was therefore higher (P<0.05; ES=0.67) in the NO3- trial (, top panel), as was Pmax (P<0.05; ES=0.63) (, bottom panel).
PMID:25199856 · one of two readings recorded this
calculated maximal knee extensor velocity (Vmax) and power (Pmax) from a second-order polynomial fit of isokinetic peak power across velocities, Biodex 4 dynamometer, 2 h after nitrate-rich versus nitrate-depleted beetroot juice in healthy men and women; maximal isometric torque in Nm/kg also measured
increases, Vmax and Pmax higher in the NO3- trial (ES 0.67 and 0.63)
Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint
Vmax was therefore higher (P<0.05; ES=0.67) in the NO3- trial (, top panel), as was Pmax (P<0.05; ES=0.63) (, bottom panel).
PMID:25199856 · one of two readings recorded this
change in Pmax
increases
Pmax increased by 9±3% in nine subjects, but was unchanged in the other three (i.e., -3±1%)
PMID:25199856 · one of two readings recorded this
change in Pmax
no effect
Pmax increased by 9±3% in nine subjects, but was unchanged in the other three (i.e., -3±1%)
PMID:25199856 · one of two readings recorded this
change in Vmax
increases
Nine of the subjects exhibited an increase in Vmax of, on average, 16±5%, whereas in the other three subjects Vmax was essentially unaltered (i.e., -1±1%)
PMID:25199856 · one of two readings recorded this
change in Vmax
no effect
Nine of the subjects exhibited an increase in Vmax of, on average, 16±5%, whereas in the other three subjects Vmax was essentially unaltered (i.e., -1±1%)
PMID:25199856 · one of two readings recorded this
maximal isometric torque
no effect, p = 0.61, n = 12
2.60±0.13 Nm/kg NO3- vs. 2.64±0.13 Nm/kg placebo; P=0.61; ES=-0.15
PMID:25199856 · one of two readings recorded this
maximal knee extensor power (Pmax)
increases, p = 0.05, n = 12
as was Pmax (P<0.05; ES=0.63)
PMID:25199856 · one of two readings recorded this
maximal knee extensor velocity (Vmax)
increases, p = 0.05, n = 12
Vmax was therefore higher (P<0.05; ES=0.67) in the NO3- trial
PMID:25199856 · one of two readings recorded this
peak isokinetic torque or power
no effect, n = 12
or in peak isokinetic torque or power at 1.57-4.17 rad/s (Table 1; ES=-0.21 to 0.15)
PMID:25199856 · one of two readings recorded this
peak isokinetic torque
unclear, p = 0.12, n = 12
dietary NO3- tended (P=0.12; ES=0.74) to increase peak torque at the highest angular velocity tested, i.e., at 6.28 rad/s
PMID:25199856 · one of two readings recorded this
peak power
increases, p = 0.01, n = 12
This difference at 6.28 rad/s was significant when data were expressed as a percentage of maximal isometric torque (P<0.01; ES=0.59), or as power instead of torque (P<0.01; ES=0.74)
PMID:25199856 · one of two readings recorded this
peak torque as percentage of maximal isometric torque
increases, p = 0.01, n = 12
This difference at 6.28 rad/s was significant when data were expressed as a percentage of maximal isometric torque (P<0.01; ES=0.59), or as power instead of torque (P<0.01; ES=0.74)
PMID:25199856 · one of two readings recorded this
relationship of relative increase in breath NO with relative increase in Pmax
no effect, p = 0.21, n = 12
The strongest relationship was between the relative increase in breath NO and the relative increase in Pmax, where R2=0.12 (P=0.21)
PMID:25199856 · one of two readings recorded this
torque, power, work and rate of fatigue development during 50 contraction fatigue test
no effect, n = 12
no significant differences were found in torque, power, work, or rate of fatigue development
PMID:25199856 · one of two readings recorded this
correlation of postexercise [PCr] and T2* recovery tau
p = 0.05
The postexercise [PCr] and T2* recovery τ were correlated in hypoxia (r = 0.60; P < 0.05), but not in normoxia (r = 0.28; P > 0.05)
PMID:25301896 · one of two readings recorded this
correlation of postexercise [PCr] and T2* recovery tau
no effect, p = 0.05
The postexercise [PCr] and T2* recovery τ were correlated in hypoxia (r = 0.60; P < 0.05), but not in normoxia (r = 0.28; P > 0.05)
PMID:25301896 · one of two readings recorded this
maximal rate of mitochondrial ATP resynthesis (Qmax)
increases, p = 0.05, n = 8
the maximal rate of mitochondrial ATP resynthesis (Qmax) was lower in the H-PL (1.12 ± 0.16 mM/s) compared with H-BR (1.35 ± 0.26 mM/s), N-PL (1.47 ± 0.28 mM/s), and N-BR (1.40 ± 0.21 mM/s) (P < 0.05)
PMID:25301896 · one of two readings recorded this
postexercise [PCr] recovery time constant (tau)
decreases, p = 0.05, n = 8
The [PCr] recovery τ was greater in H-PL (30 ± 4 s) than H-BR (22 ± 4 s), N-PL (24 ± 4 s) and N-BR (22 ± 4 s) (P < 0.05)
PMID:25301896 · one of two readings recorded this
postexercise T2* signal intensity recovery time constant (tau), index of O2 delivery
decreases, p = 0.05, n = 8
The τ of postexercise T2* signal intensity was greater in H-PL (47 ± 14 s) than H-BR (32 ± 10 s), N-PL (38 ± 9 s), and N-BR (27 ± 6 s) (P < 0.05)
PMID:25301896 · one of two readings recorded this
24-hour ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Spacelabs 90207
decreases, SBP -7.7 mmHg (95%CI 4.1-11.2), DBP -5.2 mmHg (95%CI 2.7-7.7) versus baseline
Not recorded as a finding: ambulatory-systolic-bp-24h node exists but the mean-change sentence is versus baseline only and names SBP and DBP together; the placebo comparison sentence is about the hourly profile
Similarly, 24h ABP measurements exhibited a similar pattern with a mean decrease in SBP and DBP compared to baseline of 7.7mmHg (95%CI 4.1-11.2,p<0.001) and 5.2mmHg (95%CI 2.7-7.7,p<0.001) respectively.
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
augmentation index, method not stated in the supplied text
decreases, 6.1% reduction compared to placebo (95%CI 3.0-9.1)
Not recorded as a finding: augmentation-index node requires radial or aortic pulse wave analysis by applanation tonometry and the supplied text names no device
AIx was also reduced after dietary nitrate consumption by 5.2% (95%CI 2.9-7.5;p<0.001) compared to baseline and 6.1% (95%CI 3.0-9.1,p<0.01) compared to placebo.
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
Baseline brachial artery diameter and time to peak dilatation
no effect
Baseline brachial artery diameter and time to peak dilatation after reactive hyperaemia were similar across all treatment groups and visits (Table S3)
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
BP by clinic, ambulatory and home methods vs placebo
decreases
BP was reduced compared to placebo by all methods used in both sub-groups
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
BP by clinic, ambulatory and home methods vs placebo
decreases
BP was reduced compared to placebo by all methods used in both sub-groups
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
Change in FMD vs placebo
increases, p = 0.04
change in FMD compared to placebo: 1.1% (95%CI 0.1-2.0,p=0.04
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
Change in plasma nitrite from baseline
increases, p = 0.001, n = 64
plasma nitrite concentrations were also elevated from baseline by ~2.7-fold with a mean Δ0.52 μmol/L (95%CI 0.39-0.65) after consumption of dietary nitrate with no change in the placebo limb (p<0.001,Figure 2A)
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
Change in plasma nitrite vs change in clinic and home SBP (correlation)
decreases
Change in plasma nitrite from baseline in the intervention arm correlated inversely with change in SBP measured in clinic and at home, but not with ABP
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
clinic systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mmHg, clinic visit measurement
decreases, SBP -7.7 mmHg (95%CI 3.5-11.8), DBP -2.4 mmHg (95%CI 0.0-4.9) versus baseline
Not recorded as a finding: the only Results sentence reports change from baseline for SBP and DBP together with a within-arm contrast; no between-arm sentence; acquisition protocol is in the online supplement so neither office nor unspecified-setting node is bound
Clinic SBP and DBP decreased compared to baseline by 7.7mmHg (95%CI 3.5-11.8,p<0.001) and 2.4 mmHg (95%CI 0.0-4.9,p=0.050) respectively; changes not evident in the placebo group.
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
Endothelial function (FMD) after dietary nitrate
unclear, p = 0.06
PWV velocity was not altered in drug-naïve patients after dietary nitrate consumption although endothelial function trended to improvement (p=0.06)
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
Glycaemic, serum biochemical and haematological indices
no effect
no changes from baseline or between groups in glycaemic, serum biochemical or haematological indices (Table S1)
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
Heart rate by clinic, ambulatory and home methods
no effect, n = 64
There were no changes relative to baseline or compared to placebo in HR after dietary nitrate intervention by any method used
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
home blood pressure, once-daily Omron oscillometric device, SBP and DBP at week 6
decreases, SBP 8.1 mmHg lower than placebo (95%CI 3.8-12.4); DBP 3.8 mmHg lower (95%CI 0.7-6.8)
Not recorded as a finding: No outcome node for home-measured systolic or diastolic pressure; unspecified-setting nodes cover sources that do not record the protocol
Peak decreases in BP occurred at week 6 (i.e. last week of dietary nitrate intervention), with decreases in SBP compared to placebo of 8.1 mmHg (95%CI 3.8-12.4,p<0.001) and in DBP of 3.8mmHg (95%CI 0.7-6.8,p<0.01).
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
Increase in peak flow-mediated dilatation (FMD)
increases, p = 0.001, n = 64
dietary nitrate consumption was associated with an increase in peak FMD of 1.0% (95%CI 0.3-1.5;p<0.001) not evident in the placebo limb
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
Nitrate and nitrite concentrations in all biological compartments assessed
increases
Dietary nitrate ingestion was associated with elevations in both nitrate and nitrite concentrations in all biological compartments assessed
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
peak flow-mediated dilation, brachial artery
increases, peak FMD +1.0% (95%CI 0.3-1.5) in nitrate arm, not evident in placebo arm
Not recorded as a finding: The only sentence naming nitrate states a change in the nitrate arm and its absence in the placebo arm, not a between-arm contrast
However, dietary nitrate consumption was associated with an increase in peak FMD of 1.0% (95%CI 0.3-1.5;p<0.001) not evident in the placebo limb.
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
Plasma cGMP fold increase
increases, p = 0.001, n = 64
an ~1.4 fold increase in plasma cGMP concentrations with no change in the placebo limb (p<0.001,Figure 1D)
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
Plasma nitrate fold increase from baseline
increases
caused substantial increases in plasma nitrate concentrations (~5.5-fold)
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
Plasma nitrite fold increase from baseline
increases, p = 0.001, n = 64
plasma nitrite concentrations were also elevated from baseline by ~2.7-fold with a mean Δ0.52 μmol/L (95%CI 0.39-0.65) after consumption of dietary nitrate with no change in the placebo limb (p<0.001,Figure 2A)
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
Plasma, urine, saliva nitrite and nitrate and plasma cGMP rises
increases
Dietary nitrate consumption produced similar rises in plasma, urine, saliva nitrite and nitrate, and plasma cGMP in both stratified limbs (Table S5)
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
Pulse wave velocity (PWV) after dietary nitrate
no effect
PWV velocity was not altered in drug-naïve patients after dietary nitrate consumption although endothelial function trended to improvement (p=0.06)
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
pulse wave velocity (segment not stated in the supplied text), versus placebo
decreases, 0.58 m/s reduction compared to placebo
Not recorded as a finding: Not omitted for lack of a node: a claim could map to pulse-wave-velocity-unspecified-segment, but the sentence gives two comparators (baseline and placebo) with two intervals and no named metric, so no interval is recorded; left for the next pass
PWV was reduced after dietary nitrate consumption by 0.59 m/s (95%CI 0.24-0.93;p<0.01) compared to baseline and 0.58m/s (95% CI 0.05-1.10,p<0.05) compared to placebo.
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
Reduction in 24 h ambulatory diastolic BP from baseline
decreases, p = 0.001, n = 64
5.2mmHg (95%CI 2.7-7.7,p<0.001) respectively
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
Reduction in 24 h ambulatory systolic BP from baseline
decreases, p = 0.001, n = 64
a mean decrease in SBP and DBP compared to baseline of 7.7mmHg (95%CI 4.1-11.2,p<0.001)
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
Reduction in augmentation index (AIx) from baseline
decreases, p = 0.001, n = 64
AIx was also reduced after dietary nitrate consumption by 5.2% (95%CI 2.9-7.5;p<0.001) compared to baseline
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
Reduction in augmentation index (AIx) vs placebo
decreases, p = 0.01, n = 64
6.1% (95%CI 3.0-9.1,p<0.01) compared to placebo
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
Reduction in clinic diastolic BP from baseline
decreases, p = 0.05, n = 64
and 2.4 mmHg (95%CI 0.0-4.9,p=0.050) respectively; changes not evident in the placebo group
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
Reduction in clinic systolic BP from baseline
decreases, p = 0.001, n = 64
Clinic SBP and DBP decreased compared to baseline by 7.7mmHg (95%CI 3.5-11.8,p<0.001)
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
Reduction in home diastolic BP vs placebo, peak (last week of intervention)
decreases, p = 0.01, n = 64
in DBP of 3.8mmHg (95%CI 0.7-6.8,p<0.01)
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
Reduction in home systolic BP vs placebo, peak (last week of intervention)
decreases, p = 0.001, n = 64
decreases in SBP compared to placebo of 8.1 mmHg (95%CI 3.8-12.4,p<0.001)
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
Reduction in pulse wave velocity (PWV) after dietary nitrate
decreases, p = 0.01
PWV velocity was reduced after dietary nitrate (0.82±0.87 m/s, p<0.01)
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
Reduction in pulse wave velocity (PWV) from baseline
decreases, p = 0.01, n = 64
PWV was reduced after dietary nitrate consumption by 0.59 m/s (95%CI 0.24-0.93;p<0.01) compared to baseline
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
Reduction in pulse wave velocity (PWV) vs placebo
decreases, p = 0.05, n = 64
0.58m/s (95% CI 0.05-1.10,p<0.05) compared to placebo
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
Transcutaneous arterial methaemoglobin
no effect
There were no changes in transcutaneous arterial methaemoglobin concentrations after either intervention (Figure S3D)
PMID:25421976 · one of two readings recorded this
arterial O2 saturation
no effect, n = 15
Arterial O2 saturation levels were not different between the beetroot juice and the placebo trials at baseline, iso-time or at the end of exercise
PMID:25445634 · one of two readings recorded this
diastolic blood pressure at iso-time and end exercise
decreases, n = 15
Diastolic blood pressures at iso-time exercise and end exercise were significantly lower following beetroot ingestion as compared to placebo ingestion
PMID:25445634 · one of two readings recorded this
dyspnea rating
no effect, p = 0.582, n = 15
5.0 [4.1, 5.9] vs. 5.2 [4.2, 6.2], respectively, p = 0.582
PMID:25445634 · one of two readings recorded this
dyspnoea rating on the Borg 10 point scale at iso-time and end of exercise
no effect, iso-time 5.0 vs 5.2; end of exercise 5.9 vs 5.6, p = 0.582
Not recorded as a finding: No outcome node for Borg dyspnoea rating
Dyspnea ratings were not significantly different when comparing the beetroot juice trial to the placebo trial at iso-time exercise (5.0 [4.1, 5.9] vs. 5.2 [4.2, 6.2], respectively, p = 0.582) or at the end of exercise (5.9 [4.7, 7.2] vs. 5.6 [4.6, 6.6], respectively, p = 0.454).
PMID:25445634 · one of two readings recorded this
exercise time median by visit
no effect, n = 15
Median and IQR exercise times for visit 3 and 4 were 350.0 + 175.0 and 346.2 + 232.0 seconds, respectively
PMID:25445634 · one of two readings recorded this
exercise time order effect (visit 3 vs visit 4)
no effect, p = 0.609, n = 15
There were no significant differences (p = 0.609) in median exercise times when comparing visit 3 and visit 4
PMID:25445634 · one of two readings recorded this
heart rate
no effect, n = 15
Heart rates were not significantly different between the beetroot and placebo trials at rest, iso-time exercise or end exercise
PMID:25445634 · one of two readings recorded this
leg discomfort rating
no effect, p = 0.601, n = 15
5.0 + 3.0 vs. 5.0 + 3.0 (median + IQR), respectively, p = 0.601
PMID:25445634 · one of two readings recorded this
oxygen consumption
no effect, n = 15
Oxygen consumption values were not significantly different between the beetroot and placebo trials at rest, iso-time or end exercise
PMID:25445634 · one of two readings recorded this
percent decrease in inspiratory capacity (dynamic hyperinflation)
no effect, p = 0.704, n = 15
15.1 [8.7, 21.4] vs. 16.5 [10.3, 22.7] % (mean [95% CI]), respectively, p = 0.704
PMID:25445634 · one of two readings recorded this
plasma nitrate concentration, Griess assay (ENO-20 analyser)
increases, plasma NO3- elevated by 938% versus placebo
Not recorded as a finding: The sentence names the beetroot juice arm, not nitrate as the exposure, and the placebo was prune juice
Plasma NO3− levels were elevated by 938% when comparing the beetroot juice trial to the placebo trial.
PMID:25445634 · one of two readings recorded this
plasma nitrate (percent elevation)
increases, n = 15
Plasma NO3− levels were elevated by 938% when comparing the beetroot juice trial to the placebo trial
PMID:25445634 · one of two readings recorded this
plasma nitrate
increases, p = 0.001, n = 15
Ingestion of beetroot juice resulted in significantly greater levels of plasma NO3− (p < 0.001) and NO2− (p = 0.001) as compared to placebo ingestion
PMID:25445634 · one of two readings recorded this
plasma nitrite concentration, Griess assay (ENO-20 analyser)
increases, plasma NO2- elevated by 379% versus placebo
Not recorded as a finding: The sentence names the beetroot juice arm, not nitrate as the exposure, and the placebo was prune juice
Plasma NO2− levels were elevated by 379% when comparing the beetroot juice trial to the placebo trial.
PMID:25445634 · one of two readings recorded this
plasma nitrite (percent elevation)
increases, n = 15
Plasma NO2− levels were elevated by 379% when comparing the beetroot juice trial to the placebo trial
PMID:25445634 · one of two readings recorded this
plasma nitrite
increases, p = 0.001, n = 15
Ingestion of beetroot juice resulted in significantly greater levels of plasma NO3− (p < 0.001) and NO2− (p = 0.001) as compared to placebo ingestion
PMID:25445634 · one of two readings recorded this
resting diastolic blood pressure
unclear, p = 0.065, n = 15
There was a trend (p = 0.065) for resting diastolic blood pressure values to be lower during the beetroot trial as compared to the placebo trial
PMID:25445634 · one of two readings recorded this
resting systolic blood pressure, manual auscultatory, seated on the cycle ergometer
decreases, significantly lower during the beetroot trial versus placebo
Not recorded as a finding: The sentence names the beetroot trial, not nitrate, and the measurement was not a seated clinic reading after a stated rest
Resting systolic blood pressure was significantly lower during the beetroot trial versus the placebo trial.
PMID:25445634 · one of two readings recorded this
resting systolic blood pressure, manual auscultatory sphygmomanometer, seated on cycle ergometer
decreases, significantly lower during the beetroot trial versus the placebo trial
Not recorded as a finding: acquisition conditions are stated (seated on the bike, single reading), so the unspecified-setting node does not fit and the office node requires a clinic visit after a stated rest; sentence names the beetroot trial, not the compound
Resting systolic blood pressure was significantly lower during the beetroot trial versus the placebo trial.
PMID:25445634 · one of two readings recorded this
resting systolic blood pressure
decreases, n = 15
Resting systolic blood pressure was significantly lower during the beetroot trial versus the placebo trial
PMID:25445634 · one of two readings recorded this
submaximal constant work rate exercise time
increases, p = 0.031, n = 15
Median submaximal constant work rate exercise time was 28.8 sec longer (p = 0.031) following NO3− ingestion
PMID:25445634 · one of two readings recorded this
Arterial pulse wave velocity (brachial-to-ankle PWV)
decreases, p = 0.03, n = 12
PWV was significantly lower 3 h after consuming the BRnitrate beverage (1065 ± 32 cm/s) compared with the BRplacebo (1106 ± 28 cm/s; p = 0.03, Figure 2.a)
PMID:25536008 · one of two readings recorded this
Brachial artery diameter response across handgrip exercise intensities
increases, p = 0.0001, n = 12
Brachial artery diameter and calculated shear rate increased in an intensity-dependent manner following treatment with both the BRplacebo and BRnitrate (p < 0.0001)
PMID:25536008 · one of two readings recorded this
Brachial artery dilatory response to exercise, between treatments
no effect, p = 0.7, n = 12
with no significant difference in these responses between treatments (p ≥ 0.70)
PMID:25536008 · one of two readings recorded this
brachial-to-ankle pulse wave velocity (PWVBA, VP2000 vascular profiling machine) 3 h after nitrate-rich versus nitrate-depleted beetroot juice; also exercising forearm blood flow and brachial artery diameter by Doppler ultrasound
decreases, PWV 1065 ± 32 cm/s after BRnitrate vs 1106 ± 28 cm/s after BRplacebo, p = 0.03
Not recorded as a finding: a node exists but the paper states a different instrument or population
However, simultaneously measured PWV was significantly lower 3 h after consuming the BRnitrate beverage (1065 ± 32 cm/s) compared with the BRplacebo (1106 ± 28 cm/s; p = 0.03, Figure 2.a).
PMID:25536008 · one of two readings recorded this
Calculated shear rate across handgrip exercise intensities
increases, p = 0.0001, n = 12
Brachial artery diameter and calculated shear rate increased in an intensity-dependent manner following treatment with both the BRplacebo and BRnitrate (p < 0.0001)
PMID:25536008 · one of two readings recorded this
Calculated shear rate response to exercise, between treatments
no effect, p = 0.7, n = 12
with no significant difference in these responses between treatments (p ≥ 0.70)
PMID:25536008 · one of two readings recorded this
Difference in post-consumption plasma nitrite vs difference in PWV between the 2 days
decreases, p = 0.01, n = 12
(r = -0.72, p = 0.01) was observed between the difference in postconsumption plasma nitrite concentrations and the corresponding difference in PWV
PMID:25536008 · one of two readings recorded this
Exercising forearm blood flow at each exercise intensity
no effect, p = 0.05, n = 12
exercising forearm blood flow between BRplacebo and BRnitrate visits was similar at each exercise intensity (all p > 0.05)
PMID:25536008 · one of two readings recorded this
Forearm blood flow across handgrip exercise intensities
increases, p = 0.001, n = 12
there was an observed increase in blood flow across exercise intensities (p = 0.001)
PMID:25536008 · one of two readings recorded this
Plasma nitrate after ingestion vs baseline
increases, p = 0.03, n = 12
plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations were significantly elevated following ingestion of the BRnitrate (nitrate 19.5-fold, nitrite 1.6-fold; both p < 0.03)
PMID:25536008 · one of two readings recorded this
Plasma nitrate after ingestion vs baseline
no effect, p = 0.09, n = 12
Two hours and 30 minutes following ingestion of the BRplacebo, plasma nitrate (p = 0.09) and nitrite (p = 0.40) concentrations were not elevated above baseline
PMID:25536008 · one of two readings recorded this
Plasma nitrite after ingestion vs baseline
increases, p = 0.03, n = 12
plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations were significantly elevated following ingestion of the BRnitrate (nitrate 19.5-fold, nitrite 1.6-fold; both p < 0.03)
PMID:25536008 · one of two readings recorded this
Plasma nitrite after ingestion vs baseline
no effect, p = 0.4, n = 12
Two hours and 30 minutes following ingestion of the BRplacebo, plasma nitrate (p = 0.09) and nitrite (p = 0.40) concentrations were not elevated above baseline
PMID:25536008 · one of two readings recorded this
resting arterial pulse wave velocity 3 h after nitrate-rich versus nitrate-depleted beetroot juice; also plasma nitrate and nitrite by Griess-reaction column analyser and brachial artery flow during graded handgrip exercise
decreases, 1065 ± 32 cm/s with BRnitrate vs 1106 ± 28 cm/s with BRplacebo, p = 0.03
Not recorded as a finding: a node exists but the paper states a different instrument or population
However, simultaneously measured PWV was significantly lower 3 h after consuming the BRnitrate beverage (1065 ± 32 cm/s) compared with the BRplacebo (1106 ± 28 cm/s; p = 0.03, Figure 2.a).
PMID:25536008 · one of two readings recorded this
Resting baseline plasma nitrate, between visits
no effect, p = 0.79, n = 12
Prior to beverage ingestion, resting baseline plasma nitrate (p = 0.79) and nitrite (p = 0.92) concentrations were not different between visits
PMID:25536008 · one of two readings recorded this
Resting baseline plasma nitrite, between visits
no effect, p = 0.92, n = 12
Prior to beverage ingestion, resting baseline plasma nitrate (p = 0.79) and nitrite (p = 0.92) concentrations were not different between visits
PMID:25536008 · one of two readings recorded this
Resting brachial artery blood flow before handgrip exercise
no effect, p = 0.55, n = 12
Resting brachial artery blood flow measured immediately prior to graded handgrip exercise was similar between BRplacebo and BRnitrate visits (p = 0.55)
PMID:25536008 · one of two readings recorded this
Resting brachial artery diameter before handgrip exercise
no effect, p = 0.67, n = 12
Resting brachial artery diameter measured immediately prior to graded handgrip exercise was similar between BRplacebo and BRnitrate visits (p = 0.67)
PMID:25536008 · one of two readings recorded this
Resting supine diastolic blood pressure
no effect, p = 0.3, n = 12
and diastolic (63 mmHg vs. 63 mmHg, p = 0.30)
PMID:25536008 · one of two readings recorded this
Resting supine systolic blood pressure
no effect, p = 0.24, n = 12
Resting supine systolic (120 mmHg vs. 119 mmHg, p = 0.24)
PMID:25536008 · one of two readings recorded this
Borg dyspnea scale after ESWT
no effect, p = 0.244, n = 19
Borg scale | 3.41 ± 2.0 | 3.1 ± 1.6 | −0.2 to 0.9 | 0.244
PMID:25934631 · one of two readings recorded this
Sources cited
20 papers
- Subject
- nitrate
- Findings
- 33
- Papers
- 20
Effect of Dietary Nitrate Intake on Fatigue Resistance Following Ischemia-Induced Microvascular Dysfunction in Males and Females.record2026PMID:413715452 findings
The effect of dietary nitrate on weight management: a systematic review and meta-analysis.record2026PMID:421308772 findings
Effect of 12-wk dietary nitrate supplementation on carotid arterial stiffness in postmenopausal females.record2025PMID:400668132 findings
Inter-individual differences in the blood pressure lowering effects of dietary nitrate: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled replicate crossover trial.record2025PMID:399924691 finding
The effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on resistance exercise performance: A dose-response investigation.record2025PMID:402746642 findings
Dietary nitrate supplementation to enhance exercise capacity in patients with COPD: Evidence from a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and a network pharmacological analysis.record2024PMID:381581391 finding
Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on High-Intensity Cycling Sprint Performance in Recreationally Active Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.record2024PMID:392039002 findings
Regulatory effect of dietary nitrate on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.record2023PMID:367409721 finding
The Effect of Dietary Nitrate on the Contractile Properties of Human Skeletal Muscle: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.record2023PMID:356040741 finding
The influence of acute dietary nitrate supplementation on skeletal muscle fatigue and recovery in older women.record2023PMID:372263361 finding
Effect of Acute Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on the Venous Vascular Response to Static Exercise in Healthy Young Adults.record2022PMID:363647271 finding
Efficacy of dietary nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A systematic review and meta-analysis.record2021PMID:337456003 findings
On the implication of dietary nitrate supplementation for the hemodynamic and fatigue response to cycling exercise.record2021PMID:346727673 findings
The effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on endurance exercise performance and cardiorespiratory measures in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.record2021PMID:342437561 finding
A Single Dose of Dietary Nitrate Increases Maximal Knee Extensor Angular Velocity and Power in Healthy Older Men and Women.record2020PMID:312317582 findings
Human skeletal muscle nitrate store: influence of dietary nitrate supplementation and exercise.record2019PMID:313509081 finding
Dietary Nitrate Increases VO2peak and Performance but Does Not Alter Ventilation or Efficiency in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction.record2018PMID:289164792 findings
Association between dietary nitrate and nitrite intake and sitespecific cancer risk: evidence from observational studies.record2016PMID:274869682 findings
Acute Dietary Nitrate Supplementation and Exercise Performance in COPD: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomised Controlled Pilot Study.record2015PMID:266981202 findings
Dietary nitrate supplementation improves exercise performance and decreases blood pressure in COPD patients.record2015PMID:254456341 finding
Other names
13 names
Resolves to: nitrate
- Also called
- [NO3](-)[NO3]−NITRATE IONnitrate(1-)nitrate(1−)NO3NO3(-)NO3−
- Systematic name
- trioxidonitrate(1-)trioxidonitrate(1−)trioxonitrate(1-)trioxonitrate(1−)trioxonitrate(V)