glycine

Three steps

• all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acidReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• hexacosan-1-olReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)
  3. hexacosanoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+) = hexacosan-1-ol + 2 NADP(+) + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• (2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Phenylalanine Transaminase, Mitochondrial
  3. Phenylpyruvate:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating,decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GOT2, TAT, HPDextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3-mercaptolactic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 3-Mercaptolactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, GOT2 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT2One of 2 routes

• O-decanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)
  3. decanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-decanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• 3-disulfanyl-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  3. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10, SLC7A9 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:28862Reach from here →
  1. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  3. 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate:oxidized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GARS1, TXN, RRM1, RRM2 and 2 morecytosol

• a fatty acidReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. a fatty acyl-CoA + H2O = a fatty acid + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, ACOT13

• CHEBI:28918Reach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. transport of GSH and noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, PNMTcytosol, extracellular space

• iron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  3. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)

  Catalysed by GSS, CYBRD1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• Cu(2+)Reach from here →
  1. (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)

  Catalysed by GLYATL3, GLYATL2, PAM, CYBRD1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• Ca(2+)Reach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A9, SLC6A14, SLC12A2, SLC12A1 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 3-methyl-1-hydroxybutylthiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, BCAT2, BCKDHA, BCKDHBextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• Asp-tRNA(Asp)Reach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10, AGXT2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• hypoioditeReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and iodide (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. iodide + H2O2 = hypoiodite + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC6A9, SLC6A14, SLC26A4, MPO and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• a thiolReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. L-cysteinyl-[sulfatase] + 2 a thiol + O2 = an organic disulfide + 3-oxo-L-alanyl-[sulfatase] + hydrogen sulfide + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, CTH and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• hydrogenselenideReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10, MOCOS and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. phosphocholine + H2O = choline + phosphate

  Catalysed by BAAT, CHAT, PHOSPHO1peroxisome, nucleusOne of 2 routes

• D-aspartateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = D-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A9, SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A14 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. transport of acetylcholine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase

  Catalysed by GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, BCHE and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + H2O = (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 9 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• 3-acetamidopropanalReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion
  3. N1-acetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming)

  Catalysed by BAAT, PAOX, SMOXperoxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• anthranilic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. L-Kynurenine hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10, KYNUextracellular space, cytosol

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. Propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACSS3, ACSS2, ACSS1 and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• citric acidReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)
  3. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACLY, CSperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 10 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. Butyryl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 4 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• maleateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. maleate(in) + sulfate(out) = maleate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A9, SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A14 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. Myristoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 9 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• adipic acidReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. Activation of adipic acid for Formation of Adipoyl Carnitine
  3. Thioesterification of adipoyl-CoA for Release into Cytosol

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACOT8peroxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by DAO, AGXT, AGXT2peroxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (indol-3-yl)acetateReach from here →
  1. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation
  2. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. (indol-3-yl)acetate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (indol-3-yl)acetate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (S)-dihydroorotateReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol
  3. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol

  Catalysed by GSS, SQOR, DHODH

• isocitric acidReach from here →
  1. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
  2. Glyoxylate:oxygen oxidoreductase
  3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2

  Catalysed by DAO, HAO1, SLC25A1peroxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acidReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)
  3. D-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACLY, GOT2peroxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (2R,3R)-tartrateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (2R,3R)-tartrate(in) + sulfate(out) = (2R,3R)-tartrate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A9, SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A14 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (S,S)-tartrateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S,S)-tartrate(in) + sulfate(out) = (S,S)-tartrate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A9, SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A14 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3R)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (3R)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3R)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A9, SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A14 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3S)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (3S)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3S)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A9, SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A14 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• docosan-1-olReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)
  3. docosanoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+) = docosan-1-ol + 2 NADP(+) + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• hexacosanoateReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)
  3. Hexacosanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• tetracosanoateReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)
  3. Tetracosenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• an N-acylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 7 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• octadecan-1-olReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. octadecanoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+) = octadecan-1-ol + 2 NADP(+) + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• eicosanoateReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)
  3. Eicosanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoateReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bperoxisome, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 8 routes

• (15Z)-tetracosenoateReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (nervonic acid)
  3. (15Z)-tetracosenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• (11Z)-eicosenoateReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-gondoic acid)
  3. (11Z)-eicosenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• nicotinateReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)

  Catalysed by GSS, SLC22A13, SLC22A12inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• cis-aconitic acidReach from here →
  1. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
  2. Glyoxylate:oxygen oxidoreductase
  3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2

  Catalysed by DAO, HAO1, SLC25A1peroxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes