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Cu(2+)

362,296 routes · scope human · up to 3 steps · built 5 October 2026 · Reactions · API

Inferred

Every route here is a hypothesis drawn from reference reactions (Rhea and Human-GEM), not a finding. Currency species such as water, ATP and NAD(H) never form a step. Evidence key

28 compounds within 3 steps: 2 in 1, 9 in 2, 17 in 3

Does it reach a compound?

One step

Cu(+)Reach from here →
1. Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
Catalysed by CYBRD1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes
monodehydro-L-ascorbate radicalReach from here →
1. Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
Catalysed by CYBRD1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

Two steps

N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycineReach from here →
1. Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
2. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
Catalysed by CYBRD1, PAMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane
N-dodecanoylglycineReach from here →
1. Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
2. N-dodecanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
Catalysed by CYBRD1, PAMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

Three steps

N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
Catalysed by CYBRD1, PAMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes
N-decanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →

N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoylglycine

Reach from here →

Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

Catalysed by CYBRD1, PAMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

N-decanoylglycineReach from here →

Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
N-decanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-decanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

Catalysed by CYBRD1, PAMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

N-octanoylglycineReach from here →

Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
N-octanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

Catalysed by CYBRD1, PAMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

CHEBI:17208Reach from here →

Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
12,13-epoxy-9-hydroperoxy... to 12,13-epoxylinoleic acid-radical conversion

Catalysed by CYBRD1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 3 routes

dehydroascorbic acidReach from here →

Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
prostaglandin-F synthase (monodehydroascorbate)

Catalysed by CYBRD1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

L-ascorbic acidReach from here →

Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)

Catalysed by CYBRD1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 10 routes

N-tetradecanoylglycineReach from here →

Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
N-tetradecanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-tetradecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

Catalysed by CYBRD1, PAMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

Catalysed by CYBRD1, PAMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →

Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
N-dodecanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

Catalysed by CYBRD1, PAMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

N-tetradecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →

Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
N-tetradecanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-tetradecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

Catalysed by CYBRD1, PAMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →

Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

Catalysed by CYBRD1, PAMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →

Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

Catalysed by CYBRD1, PAMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

urateReach from here →

Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
12,13-epoxy-9-hydroperoxy... to 12,13-epoxylinoleic acid-radical conversion
ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion

Catalysed by CYBRD1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

iron(2+)Reach from here →

Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
Fe(3+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + Fe(2+)(out) + H(+)

Catalysed by CYBRD1, CYB561D2, CYB561, CYB561D1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

(9Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →

Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
(9Z)-octadecenoate + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + H2O

Catalysed by CYBRD1, PAM, FAAH, PM20D1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

glycineReach from here →

Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
N-dodecanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
dodecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-dodecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by CYBRD1, PAM, GLYATL2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →

Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
N-dodecanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
dodecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-dodecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by CYBRD1, PAM, GLYATL2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →

Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
N-tetradecanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-tetradecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
tetradecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-tetradecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by CYBRD1, PAM, GLYATL2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

octanoyl-CoAReach from here →

Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
N-octanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
octanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by CYBRD1, PAM, GLYATL2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

glutathione disulfideReach from here →

Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
prostaglandin-F synthase (monodehydroascorbate)
glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase

Catalysed by CYBRD1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

decanoyl-CoAReach from here →

Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
N-decanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-decanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
decanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-decanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by CYBRD1, PAM, GLYATL2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

(R)-noradrenalineReach from here →

Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

Catalysed by CYBRD1, DBHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

(R)-lipoateReach from here →

Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)
prostaglandin-F synthase (monodehydroascorbate)
ascorbate to dehydroascorbic acid conversion

Catalysed by CYBRD1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol