CHEBI:29052

Three steps

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 8 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, HADHA, ACADVL and 1 morecytosol, peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, HADHA, ACADVL and 1 morecytosol, peroxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, ECHS1, ACAA2 and 1 morecytosol, peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, ECHS1, ACAA2 and 1 morecytosol, peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 4 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 6 routes

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, ACAA1, SCP2 and 1 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase
  2. deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase
  3. Acetaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by DERA, ALDH3A1, ALDH3B1, ALDH1A3 and 1 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. glycerone-phosphate phosphate-lyase (methylglyoxal-forming)
  2. 2-Oxopropanal:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  3. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. glycerone-phosphate phosphate-lyase (methylglyoxal-forming)
  2. 2-Oxopropanal:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  3. transport of propanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. glycerone-phosphate phosphate-lyase (methylglyoxal-forming)
  2. 2-Oxopropanal:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  3. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. glycerone-phosphate phosphate-lyase (methylglyoxal-forming)
  2. 2-Oxopropanal:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  3. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by AGXTcytosolOne of 2 routes

• beta-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphateReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating)
  2. D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD(+) = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + NADH + H(+)
  3. beta-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + dihydroxyacetone phosphate

  Catalysed by GAPDHS, GAPDH, ALDOA, ALDOB and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. glycerone-phosphate phosphate-lyase (methylglyoxal-forming)
  2. 2-Oxopropanal:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  3. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by AGXT2cytosol

• D-serineReach from here →
  1. glycerone-phosphate phosphate-lyase (methylglyoxal-forming)
  2. 2-Oxopropanal:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  3. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SRRcytosol

• fatty acidReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. Acyl-CoA:glycerone-phosphate O-acyltransferase
  3. alkylglycerone phosphate synthase (acylglycerone-phosphate)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, AGPScytosol, peroxisome

• D-glucoseReach from here →
  1. sedoheptulose-7-phosphate:D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glyceronetransferase
  2. D-glucose-6-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  3. D-Glucose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase

  Catalysed by TALDO1, GPI, G6PC1, G6PC3 and 1 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• (R)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. glycerone-phosphate phosphate-lyase (methylglyoxal-forming)
  2. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)
  3. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione hydrolase

  Catalysed by GLO1, GLOD4, HAGH, HAGHLcytosolOne of 5 routes

• (S)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. glycerone-phosphate phosphate-lyase (methylglyoxal-forming)
  2. 2-Oxopropanal:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  3. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 2-iminopropanoateReach from here →
  1. glycerone-phosphate phosphate-lyase (methylglyoxal-forming)
  2. 2-Oxopropanal:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  3. 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by RIDAcytosol

• phosphoenolpyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. glycerone-phosphate phosphate-lyase (methylglyoxal-forming)
  2. 2-Oxopropanal:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLRcytosol

• N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acidReach from here →
  1. glycerone-phosphate phosphate-lyase (methylglyoxal-forming)
  2. 2-Oxopropanal:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  3. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)

  Catalysed by NPLcytosol

• taurineReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, BAATcytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• a 3-acylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. glycerone-phosphate phosphate-lyase (methylglyoxal-forming)
  2. 2-Oxopropanal:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  3. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by FAHD1cytosol

• glycineReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2 and 1 morecytosol, peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 10 routes

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, ALDH6A1cytosol, peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPATcytosol, peroxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, ACP2cytosol, peroxisome, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPATcytosol, peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, ACAA1, MYO5Bcytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 4 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 9 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 9 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 12 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, SUCLG1, SUCLG2 and 1 morecytosol, peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 13 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 11 routes

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, CROTcytosol, peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 20 routes

• phytanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. phytanate-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPATcytosol, peroxisomeOne of 5 routes

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 5 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 15 routes

• XMPReach from here →
  1. transketolase (D-xylulose-5-phosphate)
  2. ATP:D-ribose-5-phosphate diphosphotransferase
  3. XMP:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase

  Catalysed by TKT, TKTL1, TKTL2, PRPS2 and 3 morecytosol

• nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotideReach from here →
  1. transketolase (D-xylulose-5-phosphate)
  2. ATP:D-ribose-5-phosphate diphosphotransferase
  3. nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotide + CO2 + diphosphate = quinolinate + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by TKT, TKTL1, TKTL2, PRPS2 and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. sedoheptulose-7-phosphate:D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glyceronetransferase
  2. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)
  3. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by TALDO1, GFPT2, GFPT1, GNPNAT1cytosol

• 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. sn-Glycerol-3-phosphate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase
  3. glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase (palmitoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GPD1, GPD1L, GPAT3 and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• a 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. 1-hexadecanoylglycerone 3-phosphate + a long-chain fatty acid = a 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphate + hexadecanoate

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, AGPScytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• orotidine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transketolase (D-xylulose-5-phosphate)
  2. ATP:D-ribose-5-phosphate diphosphotransferase
  3. orotidine 5'-phosphate + diphosphate = orotate + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

  Catalysed by TKT, TKTL1, TKTL2, PRPS2 and 3 morecytosol

• beta-D-fructose 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating)
  2. D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD(+) = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + NADH + H(+)
  3. D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = D-erythrose 4-phosphate + beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate

  Catalysed by GAPDHS, GAPDH, TALDO1cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. glycerone-phosphate phosphate-lyase (methylglyoxal-forming)
  2. 2-Oxopropanal:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  3. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by MPSTcytosol